Circles
92) In the figure, AB is a tangent to a circle with center O. Prove that BPQ= PRQ.
If BPQ=60˚, find RPQ.
R
A P B
2014/2015 (3 marks)
PQR=90˚ (Angle in semi circle)
RPB=90˚ (Radius is perpendicular to tangent)
So, RPQ+ BRQ=90˚ …..(1)
In △PQR,
PQR+ RPQ+ PRQ=180˚
So, 90˚+ RPQ+ PRQ=180˚
Also, RPQ+ PRQ=90˚ ……(2)
From eq. (1) and (2) we have
BPQ= PRQ
From eq. (1) , RPQ=90˚- BPQ
90˚-60˚=30˚
93) Two circles with centers at O and O' touch each other externally at T as shown:
R
12 cm
5 cm
T
Q
P
O O'
13 cm ' 3 cm
If PR=12 CM, PO=13 cm, O'Q =5 cm and SQ=3 cm, find the length of line segment
PQ.
2014/2015 [4 marks]
Join OR and O'S
In △ORP, ORP=90˚ (Radius is perpendicular to the tangent)
OR2=OP2-PR2
=(13)2 - (12)2
=169-144
=25
So, OR=√ =5 cm.
OT= 5 cm (Radii of the same circle)
Similarly, in △O'QS,
O'SQ=90˚
O'S2= O'Q2-QS2
So, =52 – 32 =16 cm.
So, O'S=√ = 4 cm.
O'T =4 cm (Radii of the same circle)
Thus, PQ=PO+OT+O'T+O'Q
(13+5+4+5) = 27 cm.
94) In the given figure, ABCD is a quadrilateral, in which ADC = 90˚, BC = 38 cm,
CD =28 cm and BP = 25 cm. Find the radius of the circle with center O.
38 cm B
C Q
25 cm
O
28 cm R P
D S A
2014/2015 (2 marks)
13)
AS=AP (Tangents from external point are equal)
BP=QB =25 cm (Tangents from external point are equal)
QC = CR = (38-25)cm = 13 cm. (Tangents from external point are equal)
RD=DS=(28-13)cm = 15 cm. (Tangents from external point are equal)
So. Radius of the circle =OS=RD= 15 cm. (OSDR is a square)
95) Prove that line segment joining the points of contact of two parallel tangents to
a circle is diameter of the circle. A P B
R O
C Q D
2011/2012/2014/2015 [2 marks]
To prove : POQ is a diameter.
Construction: Through O, draw OR||BA or OR||CD as AB and CD are parallel
tangents.
Proof: OPA=90˚( Radius is always perpendicular to tangent)
OR||BA (by construction)
OPA+ POR=180˚.
POR=180˚-90˚=90˚
Similarly, QOR=90˚
POR+ QOR=180˚.
POQ is straight line through the center O. So, PQ is a diameter.
96) Two tangents PA and PB are drawn to a circle with center O, such that
APB = 120˚. Prove that OP =AP+BP =2AP.
120˚
A
O P
2011/2012/2014/2015 (2 marks)
Let PA and PB be two tangents to the circle with center O (see figure)
Join OA and OB.
△OAP △OBP (RHS)
APO = BPO(CPCT)
= APB = ×120˚=60˚.
In right, △OAP,
= cos 60˚=
OP =2AP
=AP+BP(AP=BP).
97) If the isosceles triangle ABC of the figure given below, AB =AC, show that
BF=FC. A
E G
B F C
2011/2012/2014/2015 ( 2 marks)
From the figure, AB = AC (Given)
Also, AE=AG (Tangents from the external points are equal)
So, AB - AE = AC – AG
BE=CG …..(1)
But BE = BF and CG =CF (Tangents from external points are equal)
So, from eq. (1), BF = CF.
98) Prove that the parallelogram circumscribing a circle is rhombus.
A
B
D C
2014/2015 ( 2 marks)
: ABCD is a parallelogram touching the circle at M, N, P and Q. (see figure)
To prove: ABCD is rhombus. A B
Proof: AQ = AM (Tangents from external point)
DQ=DP (Tangents from external point)
Q
BN=MB (Tangents from external point) N
NC=PC (Tangents from external point)
Adding the above, we get
D C
AD + BC = AB + CD.
P
But AD=BC and AB =CD. (Opposite sides of ||gm)
AD=AB=BC=CD
It is a rhombus.
99) In the given figure, OP is equal to the diameter of the circle. Prove that ABP is
an equilateral triangle.
A
O P
B
2011/2012/2015 (3 marks)
let radius (OA) = r.
OP=2r.
Also, OAP=90˚ (Tangent is ⊥ to radius through the point of contact).
In right, △OAP,
Sin( OPA)= .
OPA=30˚
Similarly, from △OPB.
OPB=30˚
APB=30˚+30˚=60˚.
Since PA =PB (lengths of tangents from an external point are equal), therefore
PAB= PBA.
In △APB,
APB+ PAB+ PBA=180˚ (Angle sum property of triangle)
60˚+2 PAB=180˚
PAB=60˚
PBA=60˚
Since all angles are 60˚, therefore △ABP is equilateral.
100) PA and PB are the tangents of a circle which circumscribes an equilateral
△ABQ.
If PAB=60˚, as shown in the figure, prove that QP bisects AB at right angles.
A
60˚
Q P
B 60˚
2015 (4 marks)
} (△ABQ is equilateral)
So, PAQ= PAB+ QAB=60˚+60˚=120˚
Similarly PBQ=120˚ …….(1)
Now, in △PAQ and △PBQ,
PA=PB (Tangents from external point)
AQ=BQ (△ABQ equilateral)
PAQ = PBQ (Each=120˚, shown above)
△PAQ △PBQ (by SAS)
APQ = BPQ(CPCT)…..(2)
Let QP intersects AB at M.
Now, in △PAM and △PBM,
APM= BPM [From (2)]
PA=PB
PM=PM
So, △PAM △PBM (by SAS)
AM=BM (CPCT)…..(3)
and AMP = BMP (CPCT)
But AMP+ BMP = 180˚
AMP+ AMP = 180˚
2 AMP= 180˚
AMP= 90˚ ……(4)
From (3) and (4) we get that QP bisects AB at right angles.
101) Tangents PQ and PR are drawn to circle such that RPQ =30˚. A chord RS is
drawn parallel to the tangent PQ. Find RQS.
S O F
30˚
2015 (4 marks)
Draw QA⊥PQ intersecting RS at A.
So, S b u RS||P
Also, QA will pass through center O of the circle. Join OR.
So, ROQ+ RPQ = 180˚
ROQ+ = 180˚
ROQ = 150˚
But RSQ = ROQ.
So, RSQ =
Therefore, from △QSA,
S - -
Also we have:
PQR+ PRQ+ QPR=180˚
PQR+ PRQ+ =180˚ ( PQR= PRQ because PQ=PR)
2 PQR=150˚
PQR=
But P ( gl b w g d d )
So, AQR= AQP- PQR.
=90˚-75˚-15˚.
So, RQS= SQA+ AQR
=15˚+15˚=30˚
