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Magnetic Field from Infinite Sheet

The document covers fundamental concepts of electrical and magnetic fields, including Coulomb's law, electric field intensity, charge densities, electric potential, and Gauss's law. It also discusses magnetic flux density, magnetic field intensity, and key laws such as Biot-Savart's law and Ampere's Circuital law. Finally, it presents Maxwell's equations, which describe the behavior of electric and magnetic fields.

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119 views5 pages

Magnetic Field from Infinite Sheet

The document covers fundamental concepts of electrical and magnetic fields, including Coulomb's law, electric field intensity, charge densities, electric potential, and Gauss's law. It also discusses magnetic flux density, magnetic field intensity, and key laws such as Biot-Savart's law and Ampere's Circuital law. Finally, it presents Maxwell's equations, which describe the behavior of electric and magnetic fields.

Uploaded by

21bee539
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Electrical & Magnetic

Fields

Coulomb’s law
Coulombs law states that magnitude of force between two point
charges is directly proportional to square of distance between
them & direction of force is along the line joining the charges.
Electric field intensity
F Q
E  aˆR
q 4  R 2
Electric field direction is away from a positive charge & towards negative charge.

Charge densities

1) Linear charge density


It is denoted by '  ' . It is equal to charge per unit length.
q
   c m
l

2) Surface charge density


It is denoted by '  ' . It is equal to charge per unit area.
q

A
c m2 
3) Volume charge density
It is denoted by '  ' . It is equal to charge per unit volume.
q

V
c m3 
Electric field due to continuous charge distribution

1) Infinite line charge


Electric field intensity at a distance ‘r’ from a line charge of linear charge density 

E ˆ
a
2o r r

2) Infinite sheet charge


Electric field at a distance ‘h’ from an infinite charged sheet with charge density  is

E aˆ ; aˆ n  Normal unit vector
2 n

3) Conducting sphere
If a conducting sphere of radius ‘R’ is charged with a charge ‘Q’ then electric field.
0 r R

E Q
 r R
 4  r2
Electric field inside conducting sphere is zero.
Electrical potential

The amount of work done in bringing a unit positive charge from infinity to a certain point in an
electric field is called electric potential.

A
VA   [Link]

E  V

 = represent gradiant

For vector operations, refer engineering mathematics k-notes.

Electric Flux Density

D  E

Electrical flux    [Link]


S

SI unit of electric flux is coulomb.

Gauss’s law

It states that total electric flux through any closed surface is equal to charge enclosed by that
surface.

S [Link]  b dV
By Gauss’s Divergence theorem

.D  

Magnetic flux Density

Magnetic flux per unit area is called magnetic flux density. It is a vector quantity and denoted by
B & its unit is tesla (T).

Flux    B. dS
Magnetic field intensity

Represented by H .

B  H

 = permeability.
  or
r = relative permeability
o = permeability of free space
o  4  107 H m

Biot – Savart’s law

d H
4 R
I
2 dL  aˆ 
R

Magnetic field due to infinite line current

I
H aˆ 
2
 = perpendicular distance of point from line current.
â = Unit vector in cylindrical co-ordinates.

Ampere’s Circuital law

It states that line integral of magnetic field intensity H around any closed path is exactly equal to
net current enclosed by that path.

 H . dL  I enclosed

 H . dL   J . ds
By stokes theorem

 H  J
Maxwell equations

d B
1)  E . dL  dt 
B . dS or  E 
t
1
2)  E . dS    dv or  . E  

3)  B . dS  0 or .B 0
d
4)  B . dL  0  J . ds  o o dt  E . ds
or
 E 
  B  o  J  o 

 t 

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