VIBRANT CLASSES

STUDY MATERIAL

For
CLASS – X

MATHEMATICS
BASIC TRIGONOMETRY
HEIGHT AND DISTANCE

FOUNDATION MODULE - 03

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 BASIC TRIGONOMETRY
EXERCISE # 1
1. In ABC, = 90°. If AB = 14 cm and AC = 50 cm then tan A equals :

(a) (b) (c) (d)

2. If sin = then the value of the is :

(a) (b) (c) (d)

3. If angle A is acute and cos A = then cot A is :

(a) (b) (c) (d)

√
4. If sec = then the value of the is :

(a) (b) (c) (d)

5. Given that sin = and cos = , then the value of ( is –

(a) 0° (b) 30° (c) 60° (d) 90°

6. If sin – cos = 0, then the value of (sin4 + cos4 ) is –

(a) 1 (b) (c) (d)

7. sin 30° + cos 60° equals :

√
(a) (b) √ (c) 1 (d) None of these

8. The value of 2 tan2 60° - 4 cos2 45° - 3 sec2 30° is :

(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 12 (d) 8

9. The value of tan2 30° - 3 sin260° + cosec2 45° is :

(a) 1 (b) 8 (c) 0 (d) 12

10. The value of sin2 15° + sin2 30° + sin245° + sin2 60 + sin2 75° is :

(a) 1 (b) (c) (d) 3

11. The values of x and y which make the following solutions true are: cos x° = sin 52° and

cos y° = sin (y° + 10)

(a) x = 52° , y = 30° (b) x = 38° , y = 40°

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(c) x = 48° , y = 52° (d) x = 40° , y = 50°

12. If + = 90° and = 2 then cos2 + sin2 equal :

(a) 1 (b) zero (c) (d) 2

13. The value of the expression [cosec (75° + ) – sec (15° - ) – tan (55° + ) + cot (35° - )] is

(a) - 1 (b) 0 (c) 1 (d)

14. If cos ( = 0, then sin ( can be reduced to

(a) cos (b) cos (c) sin (d) sin

15. The value of (tan 1° tan 2° tan 3° ….. tan 89°) is

(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d)

16. If cos 9 = sin and 9 90°, then the value of tan 5 is

(a) (b) √ (c) 1 (d) 0

17. If ABC is right angled at C, then the value of cos (A + B) is –

√
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) (d)

18. sin (45° + ) – cos (45° - ) is equal to –

(a) 2cos (b) 0 (c) 2sin (d) 1

19. The value of - is :

(a) zero (b) 1 (c) (d)

20. 7 sin2 + 3 cos2 = 4 then :

(a) tan = (b) tan = (c) tan = (d) tan =

21. The solution of the trigonometric equation = 3, 0° 90° :

(a) = 0° (b) = 30° (c) = 60° (d) = 90°

22. If cot + cos = p and cot - cos = q, then the value of p2 – q2 is .

(a) √ (b) √ (c) (d)

23. If sin A + sin2A = 1, then the value of the expression (cos2A + cos4A) is

(a) 1 (b) (c) 2 (d) 3

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24. sec is equal to –

√ √
(a) (b) (c) (d)
√ √

True or false

25. The value of sin + cos is always greater than 1.

26. The value of tan ( 90°) increases as increases.

27. tan increases faster than sin as increases.

28. The value of sin is a + , where ‘a’ is a positive number. 29. =1

30. The value of the expression (cos2 23° - sin2 67°) is positive.

31. The value of the expression (sin 80° - cos 80°) is negative.

32. √( = tan 33. If cos A + cos2A = 1, then sin2A + sin4A = 1

34. (tan + 2) (2 tan + 1) = 5 tan + sec2 .

EXERCISE # 2
1. In the adjoining fig, determine : sin + sin

2. What is the maximum value of ? 3. What is the value of if sin = cos =

4. Evaluate : 5. Evaluate : (
+ (

6. Evaluate : sin 25° cos 65° + cos 25° sin 65°

7. If tan A = and A + B = 90°, then what is the value of cot B?

8. If cos A = , evaluate

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9. If sin = and cos = find sin cos + cos sin 10. If = , find

11. If = , find

12. (a) If sin (A + B) = 1 and cos (A – B) = 1, find A and B.

(b) If tan (2A + B) = √ and cot (3A – B) = √ , find A and B.

13. If a = 60°, B = 30°, verify each of the following:

(a) cos (A – B) = cos A cos B + sin A sin B. (b) cot (A + B) =

14. (a) Assume that tan (A + B) = , find tan 75° when A = 45°, B = 30°

(b) Assume cos (A – B) = cos A cos B + sin A sin B, find cos 15° when A = 45°, B = 30°

15. Find the value of in each of the following if :

(a) 2 cos 3 = 1 (b) 2√ tan =6 (c) =

16. Prove that :

(a) sin 60° cos 30° + cos 60° sin 30° = sin 90° (b) cos 90° = 4 cos3 30° - 3 cos 30°

17. Evaluate the following :

(a) + cosec2 60° - cos2 45° + sin 2 45° +

(b) 4 (sin4 30° + cos4 60°) – 3(cos2 45° - sin2 90°)

18. Find the value of x in each of the following :

(a) (x + 1) (sin4 60° + cos4 30°) – x (tan2 60° - tan2 45°) + (x + 2) cos2 45° = 1

(b) sin 2x = sin 60° cos 30° - cos 60° sin 30°

19. Prove : + = sec cosec - 2 sin cos 20. Prove : = ( )

21. Prove : =1 22. Prove : = 1 + 2 tan2 - 2 tan sec

23. Prove : ( )-( ) = 2 sin cos 24. Prove : + = 2 sec2

25. Prove : + = 2 sec 26. Prove : + = 2 sec

27. Prove : + = 2 cosec 28. Prove : - = -

29. Prove : - = =

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30. Prove : + = 31. Prove : √ +√ = 2 sec

32. Prove : + = 2 sec 33. Prove : √ = cosec - cot

34. Prove : sin8 - cos8 = ( (1 - 2 )

35. Prove : = 1 + 2 cot2 + 2 cosec cot 36. Prove : √ =

–
37. Prove : √ +√ = 2 cosec 38. Prove : √ +√ = 2 cosec
–

39. Prove : = sec A + tan A = =√

40. Prove : = sec A – tan A = =√

EXERCISE # 3
1. In a right ABC, If A is acute and tanA = , Find the remaining trigonometric ratios of A.

2. If sinA = , verify that 2 sinA cosA =

3. in ABC, right angled at B, BC=5cm, BAC =30°, find the length of the sides AB and AC.

4. in ABC, right angled at C, if AC=4 cm and AB=8 cm .Find A and B

5. Find the value of in each of the following:

(i) 2 sin 2 = √ (ii) 2 cos 3 =1 (iii) √ tan 2 -3=0

6. Without using tables, evaluate:

(i) (ii) (iii)

7. Without using table, show that (cos 35°cos 55°-sin 35° sin 55°) =0.

8. Express (sin 85° + cosec 85°) in terms of trigonometric ratios of angles between 0° and 45°.

9. If tan2A=cot (A-18°), where 2A is an acute angle, find the value of A.

[Link]: + 2 cot 8° cot 17° cot 45° cot 73° cot 82°.

11. Prove√ = tan +cot , [Link] that: = sin2 .

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[Link] that (1+ cot -cosec ) (1+ tan +sec ) = 2 ,

14. Prove that following identities :

– = 2 cos x (cot x + cosec2 x)

15. Prove that :

= sec + tan = = =√

16. Prove the following identities, where the angles involved are acute angles for which the following
expression are defined.

(a) (cosec - cot )2 = (b) + = 2 sec A (c) + = 1 + sec cosec

(d) = (e) = cosec A + cot A, using the identity cosec2A = 1 + cot2A

(f) √ = sec A + tan A (g) = tan

(h) (sin A + cosec A)2 + (cos A + sec A)2 = 7 + tan2a + cot2A

(i) (cosec A – sin A) (sec A – cos A) = (j) ( )=( ) = tan2A

( √
17. If tan = find sin and cos . 18. If sin = , cos = find
√

19. If = find

20. (a) If tan + sec = 4, find sin + cos

(b) If 3 sin + 4 cos = 5, find cot + cosec

21. If (x – 2) sin2 30° + (x – 3) tan2 60° - x cos2 45° = , find the value of x.

22. Find the value of A and B if cos (3A + B) = and sin (3A – B) =

23. (a) Fin if = 1, 0° 90° (b) Find x if 2 sin x cos x = 1

24. Without using trigonometric table evaluate the following :

+ tan 17° tan 38° tan 60° tan 52° tan 73° - 3 (sin2 31° + sin2 59°)
√

25. Prove that ( ) ( )=

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 26. Prove that : (sec - cosec ) ( 1 + tan + cot ) = sec tan - cosec cot

27. Prove that : sec6 = 1 + 3 tan2 sec2 + tan 6

28. Prove that :

{ } = , 1 – cos 0

ANSWER KEY
EXERCISE # 1

Que. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Ans. b c a c d c C a c c b c
Que. 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Ans. b b b c a b A d c b a b

True or false

Que. 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34
True False True True False True False False True True False
or
false
EXERCISE # 2
Que. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Ans. 1 45° √ 2 1
√
Que. 10 11 12
Ans. (a) A = B = 45°
(b) A = 18°, B
= 24°

√ √
14. (a) (b) 15. (a) 20° (b) 60° (c) 30° 17. (a) (b) 2 18. (a) 3 (b) 15°
√ √

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 HEIGHT AND DISTANCE
EXERCISE # 1

1. A flagstaff 6 meter high throws a shadow 2√ meters long on the ground. The angle of elevation is

(A) 30° (b) 45° (c) 90° (d) 60°

2. An observer √ m tall is 3 m away from the pole2√ [Link] angle of elevation of the top from
the pole is:

(A) 45° (b) 30° (c) 60° (d) 15°

3. An observer 1.5 m tall is 28.5m away from. a chimney. The angle of elevation of the top of the
chimney from her eyes is 45°.The height of the chimney is:

(a) 30 m (b) 27 m (c) 28.5 m (d) none of these

4. The angle of elevation of the top of a tower from a distance 100 m from its foot is 30°.The height of
the tower is:

(a) 100√ (b) m (c) 50√ (d) m

5. A tree is broken by the wind. Its top struck the ground at an angle 30° at a distance of 30 m from its
foot. The whole height of the tree is:

(a) 10√ (b) 20√ (c) 40√ (d) 30√

6. From a point on a bridge across a river, the angles of depression of the bank on opposite sides of
the river are 30° and 45° respectively. If the bridge is at height of 3 m from the banks then the width
of the river is:

(a)3(√ m. (b) 3(√ (c) 3(√ m. (d)

7. The angle of the elevation of the top of a tower from two points at a distance of 4 m and 9 m from
the base of the tower and in the same straight line with it are complementary. The height of the tower
is:

( √ (b) √ (C) 6 m (d) 2.25 m

8. A 1.5 m tall boy is standing at some distance from a 30 m tall building. The angles of elevation
from his eyes to the top of the building increases from 30° to 60° as he walks towards building .The
distance he walked towards the building is:

(a) 19√ (b) 57√ (c) 38√ (d) 18√

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9. As observed from the top of a 75 m high lighthouse from the sea-level, the angles of depression of
two ships are 30° and 60°.If one strip is exactly behind the other on the same side of the light-house
then the distance between the two ships is:

(A) 25√ (b) 75√ (c) 50√ (d) none of these

10. A kite at a height of 60 m above the ground .The string attached to the Kite is temporarily tied to a
point on the ground. The inclination of the string with the ground is 60° .The length of the string is:

(a) 40√ (b) 30 m (c) 20√ (d) 60√

Short answer type questions

1. What is the angle of elevation of a vertical flagstaff of height 100√ m from a point 100 m from its
foot?

2. The shadow of a building is 100 m long when the angle of elevation of the sun is 60°.Find the
height of the building.

3. A ladder 20 m long is placed against a vertical wall of height 10 meters. Find the distance between
wall of height of the ladder and the wall and also the inclination of the ladder to the horizontal.

4. What is the angle of elevation of the sun when the length of the shadow of the pole is 1√ times the
height of the pole?

5. A flagstaff 6 meters high throws a shadow 2√ meters long on the ground. Find the angle of
elevation of the sun.

6. A tree 10(2+√ ) meters high is broken by the wind at a height 10√ meters from its root in such a
way that top struck the ground at certain angle and horizontal distance from the root of the tree to the
point where the top meets the ground is 10m. Find the angle of elevation made by the top of the tree
with the ground.

7. A tree is broken at certain height and its upper art 9√ m long not completely separated meet the
ground at an angle of 45°.Find the height of the tree before it was broken and also find the distance
from the root of the tree to the point where the top of the tree meets the ground.

Long questions

[Link] an aero plane vertically above a straight horizontal plane ,the angle of depression of two
consecutive kilometer stones on the opposite sides of the aero plane are found to be and Show
that the height of the aero plane is .

2. The angle of elevation of the top of a light-house as seen by a person on the ground is such that
tan = .When the person moves a distance 240 m towards the light-house, the angle of elevation
become ⏀= .Find the height of the light house.

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[Link] the top of a tower, the angles of depression of two objects on the same side of the tower are
found to be and ( > ).if the distance between the objects is ‘p’ meters, show that the height ‘h’
of the tower is given by h = .

4. The height of the tower is half the height of the flagstaff at its top. The angle of elevation of the top
of the tower as seen from a distance of 10 meters from its foot is 30° .Find the angle of elevation of
the top of the flagstaff from the same point.

5. From the top of a cliff 60 meters high, the angles of depression of the top and bottom of a tower are
observed to 30° and 60°, Find the height of the tower and the distance of tower from the cliff. Also
find the difference of height between cliff and the tower.

[Link] a window(h meters high above the ground of a house in a street, the angle of elevation and
depression of the top and the foot of another house on the opposite side of the street are and ⏀
respectively. Show that the height of the opposite house is h (1+ tan cot ⏀) meters.

Find the height of opposite house if =60°,⏀=45°,h =120 meters.

[Link] angle of elevation of a cloud from appoint 200 meters above a lake is 30° and the angle of
depression of the reflection of the cloud in the lake is 60°.Find the height of the cloud.

ANSWER KEY
EXERCISE # 1

Multiple choice questions:

Que. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Ans. 4 2 1 4 4 2 3 1 3 1

Short answer type questions:

1.60°, 2. 173.2 m, 3. 17.32 m, =30°, 4.60°, 5.60°, 6.60°,7.9(√ +1)m,9 m

Long questions Answer:

1. Required height of the aero plane=AB=h= meters. 2. H=225 m, 3. Required height of the
tower=h= 129.9m., 4. Tan =√ =tan 60° =60°, 5. DP = 20 meters. 6. H= 327.84 m., 7. Required
height of the cloud=h= CR=400 M.

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