CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION LAB REPORT FOR C-60 Using ACI METHODS

ADDIS ABABA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND CIVIL ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF CONSTUCTION TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT

Lab Report

CENG 6103-PRODUCING CONCRETE COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH C-60 USING ACI MIX DESIGN
METHOD
LAB REPORT

SECTION A, GROUP 3

BY:

Name [Link].
1. Abate Mengistu GSE0002/17
2. Aysha Reshid GSE0030/17

3. Eshetu Kassa GSE0069/17

4. Sisay Garoma GSE0169/17

5. Tadele Nigusie GSE0174/17

6. Wondmagegne Abebe GSE0197/17

Submitted to: Berhane K (Ph.D)

January 2025
 CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION LAB REPORT FOR C-60 Using ACI METHODS

Contents
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ........................................................................................................................................5

Introduction ...............................................................................................................................................................6

1. Aggregate Testing ...........................................................................................................................................7

1.1. Sieve Analysis and Gradation .......................................................................................................................7

1.1.1 Sieve analysis /Gradation/ for Coarse Aggregate ...........................................................................................7

II. Objective ..........................................................................................................................................................7

III. Apparatus ........................................................................................................................................................7

IV. Procedure .........................................................................................................................................................7

V. Result................................................................................................................................................................8

1.1.2 Sieve Analysis /Gradation/for fine aggregate .....................................................................................9

I. Theory ..............................................................................................................................................................9

II. Objective ..........................................................................................................................................................9

1.2. Specific Gravity, Moisture Content Tests ..................................................................................................10

1.3.2. Silt Content of Sand ............................................................................................................................14

CHAPTER ONE .....................................................................................................................................................16

INTRODUCTION ...............................................................................................................................................16

1.1 OBJECTIVE ...............................................................................................................................................16

METHODOLOGY ...........................................................................................................................................16

CHAPTER TWO ....................................................................................................................................................17

2.1 CHARACTERIZATION OF CONSTITUENT MATERIALS .......................................................17

2.1.1 TESTS FOR PORTLAND CEMENT ...............................................................................................17

1. Objective: .......................................................................................................................................................17

So according to our experiment the value is 41mm. ........................................................................................18

2. Data Recorded ...............................................................................................................................................18

3. Objective: .......................................................................................................................................................20

4. Definition: ......................................................................................................................................................20

5. Observation and Calculation: ......................................................................................................................21

6. ObjectiveTo determine the unit weight of coarse aggregate. ....................................................................22

7. Objective ........................................................................................................................................................23

8. Observation and calculation ........................................................................................................................23

CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION LAB REPORT FOR C-60 Using ACI METHODS

9. Calculations: ..................................................................................................................................................23

10. = 2.56 ..............................................................................................................................................................23

11. =2.61 23

4) Absorption capacity ......................................................................................................................................24

[Link]. Determination of Moisture Content of Coarse Aggregate ........................................................................24

12. Objective ........................................................................................................................................................24

13. Observation and Calculation: ......................................................................................................................24

14. Calculation .....................................................................................................................................................24

15. Objective: .......................................................................................................................................................24

16. Definition: ......................................................................................................................................................25

17. Observation and Calculation: ......................................................................................................................26

18. Calculation .....................................................................................................................................................26

19. =265.74/100 ....................................................................................................................................................26

[Link]. Determination of Specific gravity of Fine Aggregate ...............................................................................27

20. Objective ........................................................................................................................................................27

21. Observation and Calculation: ......................................................................................................................27

22. Calculations ...................................................................................................................................................27

23. =2.4 27

24. =2.48 27

=2.60 .....................................................................................................................................................................27

25. Objective: .......................................................................................................................................................29

26. Test Results: ..................................................................................................................................................29

27. = 3.09% ..........................................................................................................................................................30

28. Objective: .......................................................................................................................................................31

29. Test Results: ..................................................................................................................................................31

30. Calculation: ...................................................................................................................................................31

31. Objective: .......................................................................................................................................................32

32. Calculation .....................................................................................................................................................32

Conclusion and Recommendation .........................................................................................................................33

33. Calculation .....................................................................................................................................................33

34. = 0.7 % ...........................................................................................................................................................33

 CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION LAB REPORT FOR C-60 Using ACI METHODS

CHAPTER THREE ................................................................................................................................................34

3.1. CONCRETE MIX DESIGN FOR C-60 ................................................................................................34

3.1.1 CONCRETE MIX DESIGN FOR C-60 MPa ACI 211.1 ................................................................34

35. Step 1. Choice of Slump ................................................................................................................................34

36. Step 2. Choice of Nominal maximum size of Aggregate ............................................................................34

37. Step 3. Estimation of mixing water and air content ...................................................................................35

CHAPTER 4 ..............................................................................................................................................................1

RESULT AND DISCUSSION .................................................................................................................................1

REFERNCE...............................................................................................................................................................2
 CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION LAB REPORT FOR C-60 Using ACI METHODS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We would like to express our heartfelt gratitude to our instructor Dr. Berhane K who thought us for
Advanced construction materials and technology the with maximum effort to elevate our knowledge, skill and
attitude especially giving exposure of mix design preparation in this semester project. Next, we would like to
appreciate the staff of Addis Ababa Science and Technology Material Test Laboratory for their necessary assistance
during our work in the laboratory.
 CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION LAB REPORT FOR C-60 Using ACI METHODS

Introduction
In this laboratory report, Mix design for C-60 was made using ACI mix design method. For this experiment, we
were supposed to use Ordinary Portland Cement for this mix design methods that has a character of fast hydration
and early strength gain accordingly. In addition to that we were supposed to use superplasticizer/High range water
reducer for both mix design methods.

Coarse aggregate and natural sand were brought by our group for testing characteristics of the materials. Fine
aggregate is natural sand with small silt content and coarse aggregate is crushed because we have planned to
increase the concrete strength. Before proceeding with the concrete mix design, the aggregate quality tests should
be done to retrieve the basic input data. The aggregate gradation, specific gravity, dry rodded and loose unit
weight, Fineness modulus of sand, water absorption and natural moisture contents was conducted. Based on the
aggregate quality test results, a concrete mix design was carried out using ACI method with Ordinary Portland
Cement.

For testing of all materials and concrete specimen compressive strength, we use Addis Ababa Science and
Technology Material Test Laboratory.
 CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION LAB REPORT FOR C-60 Using ACI METHODS

1. Aggregate Testing
1.1. Sieve Analysis and Gradation

1.1.1 Sieve analysis /Gradation/ for Coarse Aggregate

I. Theory
An aggregate, for concrete making, is any hard, inert material composed of fragments in a wide gradational range
of sizes, which is mixed with a cementing material and water to form concrete.

Aggregates should be clean, sound, tough, durable and uniform in quality. They should also be free of soft,
friable, thin or deleterious substances like alkali, oil, coal or other organic matter.

The quality of concrete to be produced is very much influenced by the properties of its, aggregates. Aggregate
grain size distribution or gradation is one among these properties and should be given due consideration.

Sieve analysis is a procedure for the determination of the particle size distribution of aggregates using a series of
square or round meshes starting with the largest. It is used to determine the grading, fineness modulus, an index to
the fineness, coarseness and uniformity of aggregates.

II. Objective
Sieve analysis /gradation test/ is done to determine the particle size distribution of coarse aggregates.

III. Apparatus
1. Balance

2. Series of Sieves

3. Shovel

4. Sieve brush

5. Riffle box

IV. Procedure
1. A sample of 20kg coarse aggregate is taken.

2. A representative sample is selected by quartering method.

3. From the quartered sample, known weight of aggregate is taken.

4. The empty sieve is weighed and the data is recorded.

5. The known weight of sample is placed on the top of the sieve

6. The sample was shacked for about 2 minutes in a sieve shaker (For out test, manual shaking is used).

7. The aggregate retained on each sieve was measured.

 CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION LAB REPORT FOR C-60 Using ACI METHODS

8. The weight retained on each sieve in calculated.

9. The gradation chart is filled.

V. Result
The results of the sieve analysis of the 01 & 02 aggregates are summarized in the following table

Table 1 Grading of 20mm coarse Aggregate

Sieve Size Wt Retained (gm) % Retained Cum % % Pass

(mm) Retained

25 0 0 0 100

19 2548 27.00 27.00 73.00

12.5 4233 45.00 72.00 28.00

9.5 1691 18.00 90.00 10.00

4.75 838 9.00 99.00 1

Pan 83 1 100.00 0

Total 9393 100.00

Table 2 Grading of 10mm coarse Aggregate

Wt Cum %
Sieve
Retained % Retained % Pass ASTM 33 Remark
Size Retained
(gm)

19 0 0 0 100.00

12.5 14 0.40 0.39 99.60 100 Ok

9.5 567 15.89 16.28 83.71 85-100 Not Ok

4.75 2480 69.51 85.79 14.20

2.36 478 13.40 99.19 0.80 0-10 Ok

1.18 29 0.80 100.00 - 0-5 Ok

Pan

Total 3568
 CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION LAB REPORT FOR C-60 Using ACI METHODS

Table3 Grading of 40% (02) and 60% (01) Blended aggregate to obtain ASTM 33 requirement

Sieve 20mm % 10mm % Total ASTM

Remark
Size Pass Pass Pass 33

25 100.00 100.00 100.00 100 Ok

19 72.87 100.00 89.15 90-100 -

12.5 27.81 99.61 70.89 - Ok

9.5 9.81 83.72 54.15 20-55 Ok

4.75 0.88 14.21 8.88 0-10 Ok

2.36 0.45 0.81 0.67 0-5 Ok

Pan - - -

1.1.2 Sieve Analysis /Gradation/for fine aggregate

I. Theory
Sieve analysis is a procedure for the determination of the particle size distribution of aggregates using a series of
square or round meshes starting with the largest. It is used to determine the grading, fineness modulus, an index to
the fineness, coarseness and uniformity of aggregates.

The quality of concrete to be produced is very much influenced by the properties of its aggregates. Aggregate grain
size distribution or gradation is one among these properties and should be given due consideration.

II. Objective
Sieve analysis /gradation test/ is done to determine the particle size distribution of fine aggregates.

III. Apparatus
 Series of sieves
 balance
 shovel
 sieve brush
 Riffle box
IV. Procedure
 A sample of 2kg of fine aggregate is taken.
 The sample is quartered by using the riffle box.
 From the quartered sample, known weight (about 500gm) is taken.
 The empty sieves are weighed and the data is recorded.
 CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION LAB REPORT FOR C-60 Using ACI METHODS

 The pan is placed to the bottom of the sieve shaker and the other sieves are put in top of the pan with
increasing opening sizes of the sieve.
 The weighed sample is placed on top of the sieve (on large opening size).
 The sample is shaking for about 2 minutes in a sieve shaker.
 The fine aggregate retained on each sieve is weighed together with the sieve.
 The weight of fine aggregate retained on each sieve is calculated.
 The gradation chart is filled and the fineness modulus is calculated.
V. Result
Table 4 Grading of sand

Weight of Wt of Sieve & Cum Cum

Sieve sieve (gm) Retained (gm) Wt Retained % ASTM
Retained Passing Remark
Size (gm) Retained 33
(%) (%)

4.75 548.2 548.2 0 0.00 0.00 100 95-100 Ok

2.36 397 431.1 34.1 6.83 6.83 93.17 80-100 Ok

1.18 371.9 506.2 134.3 26.88 33.71 66.29 50-85 Ok

600 μm 323.6 477.1 153.5 30.72 64.43 35.57 25-60 Ok

300
303.8 424.3 120.5 24.12 88.55 11.45 10--30 Ok

150 263.1 307.2 44.1 8.83 97.38 2.62 2--10 Ok

Pan
347.1 360.5 13.4 2.68

Total 499.9 100.06 290.89

In this case it can be clearly observed that the fine aggregates fulfill the graduation requirements and hence we can
use it for the concrete production.

Calculation

For C-70 concrete

F.M =  cumulative coarser (%) = 290.89 = 2.90

100 100

1.2. Specific Gravity, Moisture Content Tests

1.2. Coarse Aggregate
1.2.1. Specific Gravity, Moisture Content Tests
I. Objective
 CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION LAB REPORT FOR C-60 Using ACI METHODS

To determine bulk and apparent specific gravity, and absorption of coarse aggregates

II. Theory
The specific gravity of an aggregate is considered to be a measure of strength or quality of the material. The specific gravity
of a substance is the ratio between the weight of the substance and that of the same volume of water. This definition assumes
that the substance is solid throughout. Aggregates, however, have pores that are both permeable and impermeable. The
structure of (size, number, and continuity pattern) affects water absorption, permeability, and specific gravity of the
aggregates.

III. Apparatus
 Balance
 Sample container- a wire basket of No 6(3mm) or finer mesh or bucket of approximate equal breadth and
height with a capacity of 4000 to 7000 cm3.
 Suitable apparatus for suspending the sample container in water from the centre of the scale pan or balance.
 Dry absorbent clothes (towel)
IV. Procedure
1. The sample was washed thoroughly to remove dust from the surface of the particles, the sample was dried to constant
weight in oven at a temperature of 110+50c, and cooled in air at room temperature for 1 to 3 hrs and then the sample was
soaked in water at room temperature for a period of 24 +4 hrs.
2. The sample was removed from the water and rolled in a large absorbent cloth/ towel/until all visible films of water are
removed. Care was taken to avoid evaporation of water from aggregate pores during the operation of surface-drying.

3. The sample was weighed in the saturated surface dry condition /SSD/ and the data was recorded (B)

4. The saturated surface dry /SSD/ sample was immediately place in the sample container and its weight in water was
determined at room temperature. Entrapped air was removed by shaking the container while immersed and the test sample
was fully immersed before weighing (C).

5. The sample was dried at a constant weight in oven at a temperature of 110+5oc, and then cooled in air at room
temperature and 1 to 3hrs, and sample was weighed (A).

Table 6 Test result for specific gravity/coarse Aggregate/

Item No Description Sample wt(gm)

1 Wt. in air ([Link])(B) 5045

2 Wt. in water (C) 3189.5

3 Oven dried Wt.(A) 4980

Bulk Specific Gravity: A/(B-C)…………....….2.68

SSD (Specific Gravity): B/(B-C)……….…......2.72

Apparent Specific Gravity: A/(A-C)……….….2.78

 CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION LAB REPORT FOR C-60 Using ACI METHODS

Water Absorption Capacity (B-A)/A *100…....1.31%

1.2.2. Unit Weight of Coarse Aggregate

I. Objective
To determine the unit weight of coarse aggregate

II. Theory
The unit weight can be defined as the weight of a given volume of graded aggregate. It is thus a density
measurement and is also known as bulk density. The unit weight effectively measures the volume that the graded
aggregate will occupy in concrete and includes both the solid aggregate particles and the voids between them. The
unit weight is simply measured by filling a container of known volume and weighing it. Clearly, However, the
degree of compaction will change the amount of void space, and hence the value of the unit weight.

III. Apparatus
1. Cylindrical metal measure, provided with handles

2. Balance

3. Tamping rod

IV. Procedure
1. Sample of aggregates should pass 37.5mm sieve.

2. The cylinder measure is filled 1/3 full and the surface is leveled with fingers. The layer of aggregate is tamped
25 times with rod evenly distributed over the surface. The cylinder is filled 2/3 full and again leveled and tamped
with rod. Finally, the cylinder is filled to overflowing and again rod as above.

3. The surface of the aggregate is leveled with fingers or straightedge to fill the larger void in coarse aggregates.

4. The cylindrical measure its contents are recorded and the net weight of the aggregate is measured. The weight
is divided by the volume of the measure, and then the compact unity weight of the aggregate is calculated.

V. Test Results Obtained and calculation

Volume of cylinder taken = 14,265.12 Cm3

Compacted weight of Aggregate measured with weight of container = 28,300.00 gm

weight of container = 2845 gm

Hence, Unit wt of compacted Aggregate = W = (28,300.00-2,845) gm = 1.78 gm/cm3

14265.12 cm3

1.3. Fine Aggregate

1.3.1. Specific gravity, and absorption
II. Objective
 CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION LAB REPORT FOR C-60 Using ACI METHODS

To determine bulk and apparent specific gravity, and absorption of fine aggregate (sand)

III. Apparatus
1. Balance or scale of capacity 1 kg or more

2. Pycnometer- A flask or other suitable container into which the fine aggregate test sample can readily be put.

3. Mold – A metal mold in the form of a frustum of a cone 38mm in top diameter,

89mm in bottom diameter and 74 mm in height with the metal having a minimum

thickness of about 0.9mm (Not available)

IV. Procedure
1. 500gm of prepared fine aggregate (sand) sample was inserted into the pycnometer and filled with water
approximately ¾ of the capacity.

2. The pycnometer was rolled, inverted and agitated to eliminate all air bubbles. Then, water is filled to the level
of the pycnometer to its calibrated capacity.

3. The total weight of the pycnometer and sample was determined and recorded.

C = 0.9976Va + 500 + w

Where

C = weight or pycnometer filled with sample plus water (gm)

Va = volume of water added to the pycnometer (cm3)

W = weight of the pycnometer empty (gm)

4. Determine weight of the pycnometer filled to its calibration capacity with water 23+1.7 degree Cent.

For C-60 Concrete

Weight of Sample …………………………………………………………………………......500gm

Weight of Oven dry Sample in air ………………………………………………….………….485gm

Weight of Pycnometer Empty (p)……………………………………………………..............211gm

Weight of pycnometer filled with water plus sample ……………..…….…………………...1005gm

Volume of Flask………………………………….…………………………………………..1000mm

Weight of pycnometer filled with water (B5)……………………………..………………….1281gm

Weight of pycnometer filled with water (B4)……………………………………………..…..1270gm

 CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION LAB REPORT FOR C-60 Using ACI METHODS

Weight of pycnometer filled with water (B9)………………………………..1289gm

Bulk Specific Gravity (Saturated Surface Dry)

Bulk Sp gr= B = 2.53, 2.53&2.51 Respectively Average spg=2.52

B+500-C

Absorption

Absorption (%) = (500-A) *100 =3.09%

A

1.3.2. Silt Content of Sand

I. Objective
For the determination of high strength concrete, the sand brought to the laboratory were washed and for
confirmation of silt and clay content the following test were conducted.

It is to determine the silt (finer than no 200 sieve) content in sand.

II. Theory
Sand is obtained from glacial, river, lake, marine, residual and other deposits. These deposits do not provide pure
sand. They often contain other materials such as dust, loam and clay that are finer than sand. The presence of such
materials in sand used to make concrete or mortar decreases the bond between the materials to be bonded together
and hence the strength of the mixture. Therefore, it is necessary that one make a test on the silt content and checks
against permissible limits.

A simple test which can be made on site to give a guide to the amount of silt in natural sand is the field setting
test. This test should not be used for crushed rock sands.

III. Apparatus
1. Graduated cylinder

2. Dish for taking sample of sand

3. Small size spoon

4. Sand sample

5. Funnel

6. Clear water

IV. Procedure
 A graduated cylinder is taken having a capacity greater than 100ml.
 The sand sample is poured to a known volume.
 CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION LAB REPORT FOR C-60 Using ACI METHODS

 The cylinder is filed approximately to ¾ with water.

 The cylinder is shaking vigorously for a minute.
 The cylinder is left for about an hour to allow the silt to settle on the layer of the sand.
 The amount of fines (Silt) forming a separate layer on top of the washed sand is measured.
V. Test result obtained
For C-60 Concrete

- Volume of sand sample taken = 300ml

- Volume of silt deposited above the sand (x) = 3ml

- Volume of clean sand (y) = 285ml

Calculation

Silt content (%) = x x100 = 3 x 100% = 1.0526%

y 285
 CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION LAB REPORT FOR C-60 Using ACI METHODS

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

This project shows the process followed in the preparation of two mix designs for a concrete
with 70Mpa Pa cube compressive strength at 28 days. The two mix designs use the same
ingredients like cement, aggregate and water, and one is high strength concrete and uses
admixture the other doesn't. The admixture used is SAS PLAST RP 30 B, which is a mid- range
water reducer.

1.1 OBJECTIVE

 To prepare two mixes design Mix1 and Mix 2 for concrete with a cube compressive

strength of 70 MPa at 28 days using DOE and ACI Mix design methods.

 To achieve a desired workability of fresh concrete.

METHODOLOGY

 Review literature

 Conduct the necessary material tests in accordance with appropriate standards.

 Based on the available materials prepare the mix proportioning using ACI mix design

procedures.

 Prepare one trial batch for both mix designs.

 Analyze the results based on the findings.

 Draw appropriate conclusion.

 CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION LAB REPORT FOR C-60 Using ACI METHODS

CHAPTER TWO

2.1 CHARACTERIZATION OF CONSTITUENT MATERIALS

2.1.1 TESTS FOR PORTLAND CEMENT

Cement used for this mix design is Dangote 42.5R; Tests conducted are normal consistency of
hydraulic cement, initial and final setting time.
[Link]. Normal Consistency of Hydraulic Cement

1. Objective:

 This test is carried out to determine the amount of water required to prepare a standard
cement Paste.
%water = weight of water in gm/Weight of cement in gm

Note: The usual range of water-cement ratio for normal consistency is between 26% and
33%.
Weigh of cement used = 500 gm

Weight of water used = 145 gm

The water cement ratio for normal consistency is assumed 29%

% water = weight of water (gm) * 100% = 0.29

Weight of cement (gm)

The paste is said to be of normal consistency when the rod-settles10±1mm below the original
surface within thirty seconds.
 CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION LAB REPORT FOR C-60 Using ACI METHODS

So according to our experiment the value is 41mm.

Setting Time of Hydraulic Cement
Objective

 The objective of this test is to determine the Initial Setting Time and Final Setting Time
of cement paste with normal consistency.
Theory

 Cement forms a solid and hard mass when mixed with water upon hydration. This
phenomenon is known as setting of cement. The duration a cement paste requires to
undergo setting is its setting time. As setting is the consequence of hydration of cement,
setting time is affected by the amount of water used to prepare cement paste, i.e. its water-
cement ratio

2. Data Recorded

Time Penetration

3:30 41

3:40 40

3:50 38

4:00 35

4:10 30

4:20 27

4:30 21

5:30 18

6:30 14

7:30 11

8:00 6

9:00 Already hardened

Table 1: Initial and Final Setting Time of Cement

 CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION LAB REPORT FOR C-60 Using ACI METHODS

According to the manual, to find the initial setting time interpolate between the results obtained
to determine the time when a penetration of 25mm is obtained. This is the Initial Setting Time.
The Final Setting Time is when the needle does not sink visibly in to the paste.

Calculation

Interpolating the results, we found the initial setting time to be at 4:26 local time

and the final setting time at 9:00pm local.

Fig. Cement setting time test

 CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION LAB REPORT FOR C-60 Using ACI METHODS

2.1.2 Tests for water

Usually any natural water that is drinkable and has no pronounced taste or odor can be used as
mixing water for making concrete. However, some waters that are not fit for drinking may be
suitable for use in concrete. Consequently, there is no need for water test for mixing concrete
and tap water can be used.

2.1.3 Tests for coarse aggregate

[Link] Determination of Gradation of Coarse Aggregate

 Source is from material laboratory

3. Objective:
 To determine particle size distribution of Coarse Aggregates.
4. Definition:
 According to the Ethiopian standard coarse aggregates are those between 75 and
4.75mm in size and fine aggregates are particles smaller than 4.75 mm.
 Sieve analysis is a procedure for the determination of the particle size distribution of
aggregate using a serious of square or round openings starting with the largest. It is used to
determine the grading of aggregates and the fineness modulus.
 CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION LAB REPORT FOR C-60 Using ACI METHODS

5. Observation and Calculation:

Wt of ASTM limit
Sieve Sieve Sieve [Link] Cum % Cum % Remark
sample Min Max
Size wt and retained retained pass
retained
sample
wt
37.5
25mm 1247.3 1247.3 0 0 0 100 100% Ok
19mm 1386.8 1467.7 80.9 80.9 3.99 96.01 95% 100% Ok
12.5mm 1159.9 2375.1 1215.2 1296.1 63.9 36.1 Ok
9.5mm 1168.9 1542.5 373.6 1669.7 82.38 17.62 25% 55 No
4.75mm 1167.3 1546.7 349.4 2019.1 99.6 0.4 0% 10% Ok
Pan 444.2 451.7 7.5 2026.6 100 0
Sum 2026.6

Table 2 Sieve Analysis for Coarse Aggregate

 CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION LAB REPORT FOR C-60 Using ACI METHODS

Figure 1 Gradation Requirement of Coarse Aggregate

12
0

10
0
CUMLATIVE %

80
PASSING

60

40

20
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
-20
SEIVE

Actual upper lower limit

passing limit

Figure 2 Sieve Analysis Result of Ca Compared to ASTM Standard.

[Link] Determination of Bulk Unit Weight of Coarse Aggregate

6. ObjectiveTo determine the unit weight of coarse aggregate.

Unit weight can be defined as the weight of a given volume of graded aggregate. It is a density
measurement and also known as bulk density.
a) For normal strength concrete (25MPa)
Description Var. Weight in gm and volume in m3

Weight of container, A 4856

Weight of aggregate plus container B 26360

Volume of container C 0.014

 CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION LAB REPORT FOR C-60 Using ACI METHODS

Table 3 Determination of Bulk Specific Gravity

Bulk unit weight = (B-A)/C

= (26.36 – 4.856) / 0.0146
= 1472.88kg/m3
Where:
A=Weight of containerB=Weight of aggregate plus container C=Volume of aggregate
The approximate bulk density of aggregate commonly used in normal-weight concrete ranges
from 1280 to 1920 kg/m3. The sample is in this range and suitable for concrete.
[Link]. Determination of Specific Gravity and Absorption of Coarse
Aggregate
7. Objective
 To determine bulk and apparent specific gravity and absorption of coarse aggregate
8. Observation and calculation

Description Var. Weight (gm)

Weight of Oven dry sample in air A 4910

Weight Saturated surface dry sample in air B 4980

Weight of saturated sample in water C 3069.3

Table 4 Determination of Specific Gravity and Absorption Gravity of Ca

9. Calculations:
1) Bulk specific gravity
Bulk specific gravity = A / (B-C)
= 4910/ (4980-3069.3)

10. = 2.56

2) Bulk specific gravity (Saturated Surface Dry base)

Bulk specific gravity (Saturated Surface Dry base) = B / (B-C)
=4980/(4980-3069.3)
11. =2.61

3) Apparent specific gravity

Apparent specific gravity = A / (A-C)

=4910/ (4910-3069.3)

= 2.66
 CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION LAB REPORT FOR C-60 Using ACI METHODS

4) Absorption capacity
Absorption capacity (%) = ((B-A) / A) *100

= ((4980-4910) /4910) *100)

= 1.425%
Where: A=Weight of Oven dry sample in air
B=Weight of Saturated Surface dry sample in air
C= Weight of Saturated sample in Water
The relative density range is 2.30 to 2.90 and the absorption is 0.5% to 4%. The sample
absorption and relative density are all with the range. Therefore, the sample can be used for
normal concrete.

[Link]. Determination of Moisture Content of Coarse Aggregate

12. Objective
To determine of moisture content of course aggregate.
13. Observation and Calculation:

Description Var Weight (gm)

Weight of wet sample A 4998

Weight of oven dry sample B 4852.3

Table 5 Moisture Content

14. Calculation
W (%) = ((A-B) / B)*100
= ((4998-4852.3)/4852.3) *100
=3%
The moisture content is greater than the absorption capacity. Therefore, we will need to adjust
w/c ratio later in the mix design.

2.1.4 TESTS FOR FINE AGGREGATE

[Link] Determination of Gradation and Fineness Modulus of Fine Aggregate

15. Objective:
 To determine of particle size distribution coarse and all-in aggregates by sieving.
 CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION LAB REPORT FOR C-60 Using ACI METHODS

16. Definition:
 According to ASTM, the term fine aggregate is used for particles smaller than 4.75
mm.
 CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION LAB REPORT FOR C-60 Using ACI METHODS

17. Observation and Calculation:

Sieve Weight Weight Weight Cumm Percentage Cumulative ASTM limit Remark
size mm of sieve of sieve retained retained retained % passing %
(gm) and (gm)
retained
(gm)
9.5mm 100% 100% Ok
4.75mm 426.1 426.6 0.5 0.5 0.1 99.9 95% 100% Ok
2.36mm 396.9 397.7 0.8 1.3 0.26 99.74 80% 100% Ok
1.18mm 345.4 429 83.6 84.9 16.98 83.02 50% 85% Ok
600 324.5 568.7 244.2 329.1 65.82 38.18 25% 60% Ok
300 309.3 422.1 112.8 441.5 88.3 11.7 10% 30% Ok
150 263.5 293 29.5 471.4 94.28 5.72 2% 10% Ok
Pan 732.7 351.1 28.6 500 100 0 0% 5% Ok
Sum 500 365.74

Table 6 Gradation and Fineness Modulus

18. Calculation
FM = sum (cumulative coarse) /100
19. =265.74/100
=2.66

Fine Aggregate Seive

120.0
Plot
0
Cummlative %

100.0
0
Actual
80.00 Passing
passing

60.00 upper
40.00
0 2 4 6 8 10

Seive size

Figure 3 Sieve Analysis of Fine Aggregate Compared To ASTM Standard

 CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION LAB REPORT FOR C-60 Using ACI METHODS

[Link]. Determination of Specific gravity of Fine Aggregate

20. Objective
 To determine bulk and apparent specific gravity and absorption of coarse aggregate.
21. Observation and Calculation:
Test Results:
A= Weight of oven dry sample in air, = 485gm

B= Pycnometer+ water = 707gm

C= Pycnometer + sand+ water = 1005
22. Calculations
1 Bulk specific gravity
Bulk specific gravity = A / (B+500 -C)
= 485/ (707+500-1005)
23. =2.4
2 Bulk specific gravity (Saturated Surface Dry base)
Bulk specific gravity (Saturated Surface Dry base) = 500 / (B + 500 -C)
=500 / (707+500-1005)
24. =2.48
3 Apparent specific gravity
Apparent specific gravity = A / (B + A-C)
=485 / (707+485-1005)
=2.60
The specific gravity of suitable fine aggregates varies from 2.6 to 2.8. Hence the sample have
bulk specific gravity within this range. So, it is suitable for concrete.
CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION LAB REPORT FOR C-60 Using ACI METHODS
 CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION LAB REPORT FOR C-60 Using ACI METHODS

[Link] Determination of Absorption of Fine Aggregate

25. Objective:
To determine absorption of the fine aggregates
26. Test Results:
A= Weight of the SSD sample in air =500gm
B= Weight of the oven dried sample in air =485g
Calculation
Absorption = (A-B)/B*100
 CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION LAB REPORT FOR C-60 Using ACI METHODS

= ((500-485)/ 485)*100
27. = 3.09%
Absorption is measure of the total pore volume accessible to water. It also useful for mix design
moisture adjustment. The absorption of 3.09% is well within the maximum limit of 4%. Hence

Acceptable.
 CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION LAB REPORT FOR C-60 Using ACI METHODS

[Link] Determination of Moisture Content of Fine Aggregate

28. Objective:
The objective of this test is to determine the moisture content of fine aggregate.
29. Test Results:
A = weight of original sample= 500
B = weight of oven dry sample= 476.4
30. Calculation:
W (%) = ((A-B) / B) *100
= ((500-476.4)/476.4) *100
= 4.95%
It is important to maintain the water-cement ratio constant at its correct value. The amount of
added water should be adjusted to compensate for any observed variations in the moisture
content. The sample of sand is in damp condition because it has free moisture, so the free
moisture should be subtracted from the mix water requirement as shown in the mix design.
 CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION LAB REPORT FOR C-60 Using ACI METHODS

[Link]. Determination of Silt Content of Fine Aggregate

31. Objective:
 To determine the silt content of a fine aggregate sample.
32. Calculation
Silt content % = A /B * 100
Where
A = amount of silt deposited above the sand=21.12ml
B = amount of clean sand=279.88ml
Silt content % = 21.12ml *100
279.88ml
= 7.5 %
 CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION LAB REPORT FOR C-60 Using ACI METHODS

Conclusion and Recommendation

ASTM C 33, “Concrete Aggregates,” limits the percentage of material finer than a 75μm
(No.200) sieve to 3% for fine aggregate subject to abrasion, 5% for fine aggregate used in any
other concrete and the limit can be increased up to 5% to 7% for crushed sand if it can be proved
that those particles passing 75μm are not silt. Beyond this limits, the sand should be washed
before using for concrete making. The silt content is 7.5%. Hence in order to obtain the concrete
which have high compressive strength we have washed the sands and obtain the following
results.

33. Calculation
Silt content % = A /B * 100
Where
A = amount of silt deposited above the sand=2.12ml
B = amount of clean sand=279.88ml
Silt content % = 2.12ml *100
279.88ml
34. = 0.7 %

2.1.5 Admixture

Name of Admixture= SAS plast R30B

Type of Admixture= Type D (Water reducer and Retarder)

Dosage = (0.5-1.2) % of the cement weight (Product description)

 CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION LAB REPORT FOR C-60 Using ACI METHODS

CHAPTER THREE

3.1. CONCRETE MIX DESIGN FOR C-60

The concrete mix design procedures applied here are in accordance with the selection and

proportioning procedures provided by ACI 211.1. In this project it is assumed the concrete mix

design for beam and column structure with strength of 60 MPa using ACI 211.1 method.

3.1.1 CONCRETE MIX DESIGN FOR C-60 MPa ACI 211.1

35. Step 1. Choice of Slump

 A slump of 25-100mm is selected taking into account the following assumptions:

 We have used 80mm

 Concreting will be done by using concrete pump,

 This slump corresponds to the slump of that of building columns mentioned in table

6.3.1 of ACI 211.1.

36. Step 2. Choice of Nominal maximum size of Aggregate

Nominal maximum aggregate size of 19mm is chosen assuming the determining factor is the

minimum clear spacing which is not less than 30mm. This nominal maximum size is less than

¾ of the clear spacing.

 CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION LAB REPORT FOR C-60 Using ACI METHODS

37. Step 3. Estimation of mixing water and air content

Estimation of mixing water and air content

From the above table the estimated mixing water for a slump of 80mm and maximum size of aggregate 19mm =
20mm as is 205kg/m3 obtained from non-air entrained concrete.
Step 4 —
The water-cement ratio:
For non-air-entrained concrete with compressive strength of 60 MPa is assumed to be 0.35 from the table below
less than the maximum free W/C ratio specified 0.35. Hence W/C = 0.35

Step 5:
Calculation of cement content.
C= W/C = 205 kg/m3 /0.35 = 585.7kg/m3 greater the minimum cement content specified 560kg/m3
 CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION LAB REPORT FOR C-60 Using ACI METHODS

Volume of Cement = 585.7 kg/m3 / (3.15*1000kg/m3) = 0.186m3

Step 6.

Estimation of coarse aggregate content.

The dry mass of coarse aggregate required for a cubic meter of concrete is equal to the value from table below
multiplied by the dry-rodded unit mass of the aggregate in kilograms per cubic meter. For nominal maximum size
of aggregate 20mm and fineness modulus of 3.00 gives volume of coarse aggregate per unit of volume of concrete
0.60 CAC = 0.60* Bulk density of aggregate =

Coarse Aggregate = 0.60 m3 *1647.7 kg/m3 =988.62kg

Volume of coarse Aggregate =988.62 kg / (2.66*1000 kg/m3) = 0.372 m3

Step 7:
Estimation of fine aggregate content Table A1.5.3.7.1first estimate of the mass of fresh concrete (SI) Then by
interpolation for nominal maximum size of aggregate 20mm air entrained concrete is 2314 kg/m3.
Mass already known are: Water (net mixing) = 205kg

Cement = 585.7kg

Coarse aggregate = 988.62kg,

Total = 1779.32 kg

Therefore, the mass of fine aggregate is estimated to be 2345 – 1779.32 = 565.68kg.

 CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION LAB REPORT FOR C-60 Using ACI METHODS

Based on absolute volume;

205kg/m3
Moisture content is 4.5%
205-(.045*205) =195.8 kg/m3
Vol. of water = (195.8/1000) = 0.196m3
Volume of Cement = 585.7 kg/m3 / (3.15*1000kg/m3) = 0.186m3
Volume of coarse Aggregate =988.62 kg / (2.66*1000 kg/m3) = 0.372 m3

Total = 0.763 m3
Solid vol. of FA = (1.000 - 0.763) = 0.237m3
Dry fine Aggregate weight = 2.6*0.237*1000 = 616.2kg

Based on estimated concrete Based on adjusted Batch for Based on absolute

mass per 1 m³ 0.003375m³ down scaled for lab test volume per 1 m³
Cement = 585.7kg Cement = 11.86 kg = 21.62kg Same

Water = 195.8kg Water = 3.96 kg = 6.22kg Same

Fine Agg. = 616.2kg, Fine Agg. = 12.48 kg = 21.43kg Fine Agg. = 780.1 kg,

Coarse Agg. = 988.62kg Coarse Agg. = 20.02 kg = 35.43kg Same

CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION LAB REPORT FOR C-60 Using ACI METHODS

CHAPTER 4
RESULT AND DISCUSSION

NO TEST WAS
CONDUCTED
DUE TO LACK
OF CONCRETE
CUBIC MOLD IN
THE LAB
 CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION LAB REPORT FOR C-60 Using ACI METHODS

REFERNCE
 ACI Mix Design Manual
 Abebe Dinku “Construction Material Laboratory
Manual Addis Ababa University” (2002)
 Addis Ababa Science and Technology Construction
Material Test Manual