Artificial Intelligence
Class 10
Unit 1: Chapter 1- Foundational concepts of AI
Answer the following questions
Q1. What do you understand about linguistic Intelligence?
Ans: Linguistic intelligence means intelligence to understand and interpret human natural
language and try to extract meaning out of it.
Q2. What do you understand about Interpersonal Intelligence?
Ans: Interpersonal intelligence refers to the ability of a person to relate well with people and
manage relationships. It enables people to understand the needs and motivations of those
around them, which helps strengthen their overall influence.
Q3. Define Artificial Intelligence
Ans: AI is a form of intelligence; a type of technology and a field of study. AI theory and
development of computer systems (both machines and software) are able to perform tasks that
normally require human intelligence.
Q4. Mention two types of machines which have evolved with time.
Ans: Television/Mobile Phones/ Ceiling Fans/ Microwave ovens/ Headphones / Speakers/
Harvesters/ Refrigerators/Air Conditioners etc.
Q5. What do you understand by mathematical and logical reasoning?
Ans: Reasoning is based on previous established facts. To establish a new fact or truth one has
to put it to the test of reasoning. If the new fact coincides with the previously established facts, it
is called logical or rational. It is the ability of a person to regulate, measure and understand
numerical symbols, abstraction and logic.
Q6. Mention a few examples of artificially intelligent applications in our smartphones.
Ans: Phone Smart Lock / Snapchat filter / Shopping websites / Netflix / YouTube / Face
Detection / Google Maps / Emotions recognition / Google assistant / Natural language
recognition / image detection / beauty filters etc.
Q7. How does a machine become Artificially Intelligent?
Ans: Machines also become intelligent once they are trained with some information which helps
them achieve their tasks. AI machines also keep updating their knowledge to optimize their
output.
Q8. Mention four examples of machines that are smart but not AI.
Ans: Automatic gates in shopping malls / remote control drones/ a fully automatic washing
machine/ Air Conditioner/ Refrigerator/ Robotic toy cars/ Television etc.
Q9. How does learning and adapting help an AI machine in improvising itself?
An artificially intelligent machine collects real time data and tries to figure out new patterns in it.
Machines learn in a similar way as human beings; by supervision or by observation and respond
according to past experiences in similar scenarios. A machine learns from its mistakes. The
more the machine gets trained on data, the more accurate results it gives.
Q10. Pick the odd one out and justify your answer:
a. Snap Chat Filter b. Face Lock in Phone c. Chatbot d. Image search Option
Ans: Chatbot, as it is NLP based, the other three are Computer vision based.
Q11. Explain how AI works in the following areas:
a. Google Search Engine
b. Voice Assistants
c. E-commerce websites
Ans: a. Google Search Engine: With the help of AI, Google Search Engine has been turned into
Intelligent search which is a new network of systems that produces direct answers. It uses voice
and image searches and has incorporated deep learning to fasten the searches with more
accuracy.
b. Voice assistant: AI is being used in voice assistants to recognize words spoken by the user.
NLP has capabilities like “Speech-to-Text” to convert the natural language of the user into text
for further processing. As the digital assistant answers more and more queries, it “learns” using
ML algorithms. The more tasks it performs, its ML algorithms help it “learn” from the tasks and
the preferences of the user. As a result, the digital assistant improves its performance over time.
c. E-commerce website: With the use of big data, AI in E- Commerce is impacting customer
choices by recording the data of previous purchases, searched products, and online browsing
habits. Product recommendations provide multiple benefits for E-commerce retailers including:
Higher number of returning customers.
12. How has AI changed the gaming world?
A. AI has changed the world of gaming by making the game more intelligent by providing them
the ability to learn using machine learning algorithms. Games these days try to understand
human patterns and give responses on the basis of it and also give new difficulty levels.
13. Why is training with information/Data important in Artificial Intelligent devices?
[Link] AI devices need to be trained with information / Big data to produce the best possible
accurate results. All of AI’s learning happens only through this data. The more the amount of
accurate data, the better predictions will be made by the machine. Hence, data is very important
in AI devices.
[Link] is Intelligence? Explain in brief any three types of intelligence that are mainly perceived by
human beings?
Ans: Intelligence has been defined in many ways: It involves abstract reasoning, mental
representation, problem solving, and decision making, the ability to learn, emotional, knowledge,
creativity, and adaptation to meet the demands of the environment effectively.
As per major researches, there are mainly 9 types of Intelligence:
(i) Mathematical Logical Intelligence: A person's ability to regulate, measure and understand
numerical symbols, abstraction and logic
(ii) Linguistic Intelligence: Language processing skills both in terms of understanding or
implementation in writing or speech.
(iii) Spatial Visual Intelligence: It is defined as the ability to perceive the visual world and the
relationship of one object to another.
(iv) Kinaesthetic Intelligence: Ability that is related to how a person uses his limbs in a skilled
manner.
(v) Musical Intelligence: As the name suggests, this intelligence is about a person's ability to
recognize and create sounds, rhythms, and sound patterns.
(vi) Intrapersonal Intelligence: Describes the level of self- awareness someone has starting
from realizing weakness, strength, to recognizing his own feelings
(vii) Existential Intelligence: An additional category of intelligence relating to religious and
spiritual awareness.
(viii) Naturalist Intelligence: An additional category of intelligence relating to the ability to
process information on the environment around us.
(ix) Interpersonal Intelligence: Interpersonal intelligence is the ability to communicate with
others by understanding other people's feelings and the influence of the person.
15. Differentiate between what is AI and what is not AI with the help of an example?
Ans: An AI enabled machine should not only recognize, but should also do something with its
gathered information. Artificial intelligence” must mean a human-made interface with the power
to reason and integrate knowledge. AI must demonstrate at least some of the following
behaviors associated with human intelligence: planning, learning,
reasoning, problem solving, knowledge representation, perception, motion, manipulation and, to
a lesser extent, social intelligence, and creativity.
Most IOT items are ordinary things outfitted with sensors and connected to the Internet. For
example, sensors in your office can recognize shadows or movements, but that doesn’t make
them an example of artificial intelligence.
AI Machine Not AI Machine
1) AI machine are trained with data and 1. Smart machines which are not AI, do not
algorithm require training data, they work on
algorithms only.
2) AI machines learn from mistakes and 2. Smart machines work on fixed algorithms
[Link] try to improvise on their and they always work with the same level of
next iterations. efficiency, which is programmed into them.
3) AI machines can analyze the situation and 3. Machines which are not AI cannot take
can make decisions. decisions on their own.
4) AI based drones capture the real-time 4. An automatic door in a shopping mall
data, and during the flight,processes it in seems to be AI-enabled, but it is built with
real-time, and makes a human-independent only sensor technology.
decision based on the processed data.
16. How can AI be integrated with non-AI technologies? Explain with the help of an example.
Ans: Today’s world is changing with the adoption of IOT (Internet of Things). IOT is helping in
prominently capturing a tremendous amount of data from multiple sources. The convergence of
AI (Artificial Intelligence) and IOT can redefine the way industries, business, and economies
function. AI enabled IoT creates intelligent machines that simulate smart behavior and supports
decision making with little or no human [Link] IOT provides data, artificial
intelligence acquires the power to unlock responses, offering both creativity and context to drive
smart actions. Here are some examples:
Ex. 1: Self-driving Cars: Tesla’s self-driving cars are the best example of IoT and AI working
together. With the power of AI, self-driving cars predict the behavior of pedestrians and cards in
various circumstances. For example, they can
determine road conditions, optimal speed, weather and getting smarter with each trip.
17. Read the given scenario and answer the questions that follow:
A farmer keeps rabbits in three large hutches that stand in a row in his backyard.
Each of the hutches is painted different colors – red, yellow and green. Until recently, the number of
rabbits in the green hutch was twice as large as the number of rabbits in the yellow hutch. Then, one
day, the farmer took five rabbits out of the left-side hutch and gave them away to the local school’s pet
corner. He also took half of the rabbits that remained in the left-side hutch and moved them to the red
hutch.
a. What was the color of the left-side hutch? Justify your answer with explanation.
A. The answer is yellow.
Explanation: As we already know at the outset the number of rabbits in the green hutch was
twice as large as the number of rabbits in the yellow hutch. This means that the number of
rabbits in the green hutch was an even number. After the farmer removed five rabbits from the
left side hutch, then the number of rabbits that remained there also became an even number.
This is proven by the fact that it was divisible by 2. Therefore, before those five were removed,
the left side hutch contained an uneven number of rabbits hence the left side hutch cannot be
the green one, but based on the given information, it cannot be the red one. Hence it is yellow.
18. A scenario is given to you below. Read it and answer the questions that follow:
Late one night, a car ran over a pedestrian in a narrow by street and drove away without
stopping. A policeman who saw the vehicle leave the scene of the accident reported it moving
at very high speed. The accident itself was witnessed by six bystanders. They provided the
following conflicting accounts of what had happened:
- It was a blue car driven by a man;
- The car was moving at high speed and its headlights were turned off;
- The car did have license plates; it wasn’t going very fast;
- It was a Toyota and its headlights were turned off;
- The car didn’t have license plates; the driver was a woman;
- It was a gray Ford.
When the car and its driver were finally apprehended, it turned out that only one of the six
eyewitnesses gave a fully correct description. Each of the other five provided one true and
one false piece of information. Keeping that in mind, can you determine the following:
a. What was the car’s brand? Ans: FORD
b. What was the color of the car? Ans: BLUE
c. Was the car going fast or slow? Ans: FAST
d. Did it have license plates? Ans: NO
e. Were its headlights turned on? Ans: NO
f. Was the driver a man or a woman? Ans: WOMAN
Explanation: Out of the statements of 6 bystanders, the third statement becomes false as the
policeman who saw the vehicle leave the scene of the accident reported it moving at very high
speed. Then eliminating all false statements of bystanders, the above results can be extracted.
19. A firefighter has to get to a burning building as quickly as he can. There are three paths that he can
take. He can take his fire engine over a large hill (5 miles) at 8 miles per hour. He can take his fire engine
through a windy road (7 miles) at 9 miles per hour. Or he can drive his fire engine along a dirt road
which is 8 miles at 12 miles per hour. Which way should he choose? (speed=distance/time)
Explanation: To reach the destination quickly, the fire fighter has to calculate the time required
on the basis of given data. Driving his fire engine 5 miles at 8 miles per hour takes 37.5
minutes. Driving his fire engine 7 miles at 9 miles per hour takes about 47 minutes. Driving his
fire engine 8 miles at 12 miles per hour takes 40 minutes So he should choose to drive his fire
engine over the hill.)
20. A thief has just found a pair of ancient treasure caves. One of the caves is filled with unbelievable
treasure and the other has a fire breathing monster that will eat anyone who opens that cave. One
cave has a black door decorated with diamonds and the other cave has a brown door decorated with
sapphires. Each of the doors has an engraved description on top. The descriptions say:
a. Black Door: Monster is here.
b. Brown Door: Only One Door speaks the truth.
Which door should the thief open?
The treasure is in the Black door.
Explanation: Let us look at the description on the Brown door. It can be correct or wrong.
Scenario 1: The description on the Brown door is true. Then the description on the Black door
has to be false. That means that the inscription on the Black door is false and the cave with
black door contains the treasure!
Scenario 2: The description on the Brown door is false. Then either both the descriptions are
false or both are true. Both cannot be true as that is impossible and not consistent. That means
that both descriptions are false.
21. How intelligent robots are helping us in accomplishing dangerous jobs?
A. Robots let humans avoid some hurtful work:
(i) Lifting up heavy material at the construction site.
(ii) Stirring and mixing metals or liquids at a high temperature.
(iii) Collecting and packaging of radioactive waste.
(iv) Working in contaminated and dusty environments.
22. How AI helps in giving you personalized experience online?
Ans:
AI based recommendations: AI uses advanced machine learning algorithms to analyze browser
history, page clicks, social interactions (likes, shares), past purchases, the
duration for which a page was viewed, location, etc. to gauge customer interests and
preferences. AI can help deliver product recommendations based on frequently bought
items, or related products. It can even help customize web pages and elements to suit a
customer’s needs. For instance, Netflix does intense behavior analysis based on behavior and
demographic data to determine the content that will resonate with their customers.
Chatbots and Automated Messaging: AI-powered chatbots and messaging agents can enhance
the customer experience across channels. They can answer simple queries, engage customers,
efficiently handle multiple interactions,
Automated Service Interactions: AI-driven programs can send automated messages to
customers regarding a pending service, a part replacement, or a regular order.
Curating Select Products: Amazon has come up with the concept of the Amazon 4-star retail
store. Products that have received a multitude of 4-star ratings will be offered in this physical
store. Amazon will use its product recommendation engine to identify trending products and
customers’ favorites and bring them to a brick-and-mortar setting.
