ELASTICITY

QUESTIONS
1. Explain what the rigidity modulus of a solid represents.
What does the elastic limit of a steel bar mean?

3. Two wires made of metals A and B, their lengths and diameters are
related by LA= 2LBy DA= 4DB. When the wires are attached to the
same force of tension, the relationship of the elongations is ΔLA/ΔLB= ½.
Find the relationship of the Young's moduli YA/YB(Exa. Parc. 2002-2)
Answer ¼

4. A steel cable has a cross-sectional area of 5.0 cm 2and is used to elevate

an elevator of 800 Kg (Elastic Limit = 2.4 x 108N/m2The acceleration
maximum (m/s2that can be had without the effort exceeding 1/3 of the limit
elastic is: (Exam. Part. 2002-2)
Answer: 40.2 m/s2

5. How do you interpret if they tell you that a metal A has a higher Young's modulus than
another metal B?

6. Demonstrate that the expression can be derived from the definition of Young's modulus.
known as Hooke's law.

7. According to the measurements obtained in the first laboratory (Elasticity).

Graphically represent on the curve. vs , the following:
a) Young's modulus.
b) Elastic Limit and Break Limit.

8. What is called effort on a bar

20
9. A steel bar (Young's modulus 20x10 N/m2), length 5 m, section 16
3
cm2, density 7.8 g/cm it is hanging from a ceiling. Calculate the increase of
length. Recalculate but this time for a bar of 8 cm2of section.
10. Graph Stress vs Strain for a material indicating the critical points.

PROBLEMS

1. The figure shows a large frame with a mass of 12 kg, which hangs from a
wire. The wire is made of steel, 1.2 m long, it has
a diameter of 1.2 mm.
Yac= 2 x 1011N/m2. Sbreakage500 times 106N/m2
a) What is the deformation of steel.
b) If the length of the wire is doubled, what is the 0.5m new
Deformation?
c) What is the minimum length it can have?
wire before breaking?
Rpta. (a) 0,56mm. (b) 0,69mm

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2. In the shown figure. Find the diameter d.2for which the axial displacement
the point C is 1.25 mm; the bars are of the same material.
Y = 2.6 x 107N/cm2 P = 7 × 104N ;
d1= 3 cm; L11.50 m L21.00 m
Response: d22.24 cm

3. A small ball weighing W = 50N hangs from a steel wire like a pendulum, at
which is released from rest from = 90º. The section
The wire diameter is 2mm.2. Y = 2x 1011By Effort of
7.5 x 108Pa. Determine
a) Does the wire break or not?
b) The length of the wire if it stretches 0.5 cm when the weight passes through
the lowest point.
Answer: a) = 75x106N/m2It doesn't break because of the effort.
applied is less than the breaking stress. b) 13.34m

4. The figure shows three bars, made of bronze, aluminum, and steel, under
the action of the indicated forces. Considering
A14.5 cm2, A26.0 cm2, A3=3.0cm2,
L1= 0.6m; L21.0 m, L3=0.8m,
Y1=8x1010N/m2, Y27010N/m2
Y3=20x1010N/m2y P = 9 x 104N. Halle:
a) The free body diagram of each
portion of the bar
b) The deformation of each of the bars and the total deformation.
Rpta: b)–4,5mm; -4,3mm; 2,4mm c) Deformación total = -6,4mm

5. An aluminum wire (Y = 7x1010N/m2) and another made of steel (Y = 20x1010N/m2), of

equal diameters, are joined at one of their ends and the composite wire
a load is fixed and then suspended (Ex. Parc. 2002-1)
a) The relationship of their lengths is requested so that they have the same deformation.
b) If the aluminum wire is 0.8 m long and the deformation of each
The wire is 2 mm; find the stress that acts on each wire.
7 2 7 2
Response: a) LAlum(7/20)LSteelb) AL17.5 x 10 N/m Steel=17.5x10 N/m

6. From a wire of L = 10 cm in length, d = 0.9 mm in thickness and section

various masses m hang from a square, and at each opportunity, the measurement is taken
new length L and the new thickness "d." The results are recorded in the
next table: ([Link].2002-1)

m(g) 100 200 300 400

L(cm) 10,18 10,40 10,61 10.81
d(mm) 0,88 0,87 0,86 0.83

a) Calculate in each case the stress S and the unit strain.

b) Find the Young's modulus and the limit of linearity.
Answer: a) S1= 1.29x106N/m2, 1= 18x10-3; S22.58x106N/m2, 2= 40x10-3
S3= 3.87x106N/m2 3= 610-3;S4=5.16x106N/m2, 4equals eighty-one times ten-3
b) Y = 0.0614x103N/m25,16x106N/m2

2
7. The figure shows a wire of initial length Lo=10m subject to the ceiling and that
find balance when holding a sphere Q weighing 103N, if the module
de Young is Y= 1010N/m2the cross section A = 4 mm2y = 37
(Exa. Sust. 2002-1)
a) Present the D.C.L. of the sphere and the wire,
respectively.
b) Find the length deformation of the wire.
c) If the thread breaks, find the deformation that
experiment with the wire when the sphere Q passes through the
lowest position of its pendular movement.
Rpta: b) 0,0313m; c) 0,363 m

8. A rigid bar of weight W is held horizontally at its ends by two

wires of equal length (2 m) and equal cross-section (2mm) 2), but of
different materials. One is made of copper and the other is made of steel. If the stretching of
Steel wire is 0.10cm. Find:
(Exa. Parc. 2002-2)
a) The weight W.
b) The stretching of copper wire.
Answer: a) 400N, b) 1.8x10-3m

9. An elevator in a building is supported by 4 cables. steel (Y =

20 times 1010N/m250 m long each, circular section of 10
cm. of radio. It is at rest and has a total charge of 2500 Kg. Find:
(Exa. Parc. 2003-1)
a) The effort in each cable
b) The deformation of each cable
c) The deformation when it starts to rise with an acceleration of 1 m/s2
Answer: a) 1.95 x 105N/m2b) 4.88x10-5m , c) 5.37x10-5m

10. A uniform metal sheet is hung by means of a steel wire.

module Y = 20x1010N/m2of 1.2m in length in such a way that
it stretches 2mm as indicated in the figure. If the cross section
the wire is 1 mm2. Halle: a) La tensión en el alambre.; b)
The weight of the sheet. c) Check if the applied stress
does the wire whose elastic limit permanently deform or not
8 2
it's 5x10 N/m (Exa. Sust. 2003-1)
Rpta. a) 333 N, b) 370 N, c) El esfuerzo aplicado no deforma el
wire.

The figure shows an elevator that can have a maximum acceleration of 2 m/s².2
when it is moved by a steel cable (Yac= 20x1010N/m2)
The mass of the elevator is 600 kg. a) Determine if the cable
it supports a maximum tension when accelerating upwards or downwards.
this value. b) If at the moment when the stress in the cable is
maximum and its length is 18m, calculate the cross-sectional area A if its
deformation L=0.5cm.
Rpta: a) T=7200N. ; b) 1,296cm2. (Exa. Sust. 2003-1)

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12. A uniform bar weighing 80kg, 3.5m in length, hangs from a cable.
steel and is kept in static equilibrium, if =
60 . Determine:
a) The tension of the cable and the friction force.
b) The cross-section of the wire so that it does not
I exceeded the linearity limit (3.6x108Pa).
c) The stretching L being Lo = 5m. Y = 20 x
1010Pa.
Answer. 2.6 times 103N y 2.3x103N
7.25 mm2
c) 9.0 mm

13. A rigid horizontal bar AB, homogeneous, weighing 200N, with section
constant transverse and 2 m long,
it is supported by two vertical wires of
equal final length and sections
different transversals A1= 1mm2y A2=
3mm2Young's modules are Y1=
7x1010By and Y2equals 21 times 1010Pa.
a) Calculate the value of x so that the efforts
be identical in both wires.
b) For the result in (a), if the initial length of the first wire is 1.5m, calculate
∆L1and the effort 1.
Rpta. a) 0,667 m, b) 1,07x10-3m y 5x107N/m2

14. A horizontal wire is attached to two

vertical walls. When hanging a weight W from
center of the wire, this deforms like
indicate the figure. If L = 4m, = 7 º , Y = 2x1011
The diameter is 2 mm.2.
Find the tension T and the weight W.
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Answer: 0.03 x 10 N y 731 N
A 5 cm steel cable2cross section is used to raise a
800 Kg elevator. When the elevator is going from bottom to top through the floor.
five (floor 5) with an acceleration of 3.5 m/s2Calculate the ratio ΔL/Lo of
cable just when it is passing through the 5th floor. (Ysteel= 20 x 1010N/m2).
Answer 1,1x10-4

16. A steel cable has a cross-sectional area of 8.0 cm 2and is used to elevate
a 1200kg elevator. (Y=20x1010Pa, Elastic Limit = 2.4x108N/m2) It is requested:
a) Make a free body diagram of the elevator and set up the equations of the
dynamics and elasticity of the cable.
b) The maximum acceleration of the elevator without the effort exceeding 1/3 of the limit
elastic.
c) If at a given moment the length of the wire were 50 m, what is its
deformation maintaining the acceleration of part (a).
Answer b) 43.5 m/s20.020 m

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A copper bar of 1.20m in length and a cross-section of 40mm 2this
attached to a steel bar of length L and 100mm2of cross section. In the
Free ends are subjected to forces of 500N as indicated in the figure.
Determine:
a) The length L for the change in length ( L) in the copper bar be the
double that of the change in length in the steel bar.
b) The stress and the unit deformation in
each bar.
F F
c) The elastic potential energy of the system. copper steel
10 2 10 2
Ycopper= 10x10 N/m , Ysteel= 20x10 N/m .
Answer: a) 3.0 m
copper: 13x106N/m21.3x10-4steel: 5.0x106N/m22.5x10-5
c) 5.6x10-2J

18. A steel cable (Y=20x1010N/m2of 2.5mm2of cross section and of 3m of

length, passes through a pulley and holds at its ends two loads of 150 and
400kg. Find:
a) The acceleration of the loads, the tension, and stress in the cable
b) the total deformation suffered by the cable.
c) The minimum diameter that the cable can have without exceeding the yield limit.
(Elastic Limit = 2.4x108N/m2).
Answer: a) 4.45 m/s2, 2.14x103N, 8.56x108N/m212.8 mm c) 3.37 mm

19. The figure shows a homogeneous rectangular sheet supported by two

steel wires of equal cross-sectional areas A = 2mm 2The weight of the
the laminate is 1200 N and the module of
10
Pa.
Young's modulus of steel is Y = 20 x 10
a) Create the free body diagrams
of the sheet and of the wires.
b) Calculate the tensions T1y T2in both
wires.
c) Let's pull the efforts 1y 2and the
unit deformations.
Rpta. b) 960 N y 720 N. c) 4,80x108N/m2y
3.60x108N/m22.40x10-3y 1.80x10-3

20. The bar of length L and negligible weight is pivoted at its end.
inferior and is in equilibrium as shown in the figure. Both wires
they have the same cross-sectional area of 2.0 mm 2and the initial length of the copper is
2.5 m. Yes = 53º and W = 1000N, find:
a) The tensions in both wires.
b) The initial length of the steel is L10.5 cm.
c) Calculate the deformation of copper L2.
d) Explain the type of stress that is experienced by the
pivot.
Ycopper= 10.0 x 1010Pa, Ysteel= 20.0 x 1010Pa
Response. 1000 N and 750 N
2.0 m
9.4x10-3m
d) Flexion

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21. A rigid bar AB, homogeneous, horizontal, weighing 900N, cross-section
constant and length 2 m, is supported by two
vertical wires made of different materials, of equal
initial length (L0= 1.5 m) and cross sections
different A1y A2If the Young's moduli are Y1=
20010Go and Y210 x 10 = 10010Pa; respectively,
a) Perform the DCL of the horizontal bar AB.
b) If A1= 2 mm2calculate the area A2(in mm2) so that
both wires have the same unit deformation.
c) Calculate the effort and length deformation L, in
each wire.
Answer b) 5.0 mm22.0x108N/m2, 1,0x108N/m2, 1.5 mm

22. The figure shows a completely wooden football arc, formed by 2 posts.
and a horizontal beam of 80 kg and it produces at the supports with the posts
reaction forces that form angles of 37º with each support. If the constants
9 2 9 2
The Young's modulus and the rigidity of the wood are: 2.00 x 10 N/m y 0.25x10 N/m ;
respectively, find:
a) The normal stress on one of the posts and its longitudinal deformation,
b) The shear force on one of the studs and the lateral deformation,
c) Show the final figure of the arch with the mentioned deformations.

Answer: a) 3.92x104N/m2y 4.12x10-5m, b) 29.5x103N/m2y 2.48 x 10-4m

23. A metal wire of length 2L hangs from the ceiling bent as indicated by the
figure (a). Its cross-section has an area A. If a weight W is hung from it, the
wire deforms as shown in figure (b). If L = 1.20m, 0.50 cm
6.0 mm2, d 1.0 m and the Young's modulus of the wire is 15 x 1010Dad, hall:
a) The tension T. (2 points)
b) The weight W (1 pt.)
c) The effort applied. (1 pt.)

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24. An 'L' shaped bracket (1) is welded to a column (2) and in smooth contact with
another column (3) as indicated in the figure. The columns (2) and (3) are fixed
rigidly to the floor. The lengths a, b, h are indicated; The square (1) and the
columns (2) and (3) they have the same section
square transversal with edge length d; and equal
Young's modulus of elasticity (Y) and of
shear or cutting (G). The
weights of (1), (2) and (3). If a force is applied
horizontal F, hall:
a) the D.C.L. of each of the parties in this
system (fundamental)
b) the geometric deformations in the
column (2)
c) the geometric deformations in the column (3).

25. In the figure, the bar AB with a length of 2.50 m weighs 15 N and supports a load.
of weight 20 N. The formed angles are = 30º and = 40º. The cable that the
It is made of aluminum and has a cross section of 2.40 mm.2. (Yaluminum=
7.0 x 1010N/m2.)

a) Given the distance AC = x, find the tension and the stress in

the aluminum cable as a function of x.
b) Make a graph of the effort as a function of x
c) Calculate the unit deformation of the cable if we place the
load at x = 1.10 m.

Rpta. a) 5.22x + 4.90 N; S = (2.18x + 2.04)x106N/m2

c) 6.34x10-5

26. A small plane weighing 2500 N is tied to a steel cable (Y =

20x1010N/m212.0 m in length and a cross-sectional area of 0.5 cm2.
a) Initially at rest ( = 0º), determine the tension in the rope and the
deformation achieved.
b) If it starts its circular motion and reaches a constant angular velocity of 9.5
rpm (rev/min), with a radius of 10.4m, determine
deformation again.

Response.
2500N; 3.00 mm;

27. A concrete block with a Young's modulus of 12x1010N/m2it has a mass of 15 kg,
20cm in height and 15.14cm in diameter. Three blocks are placed one on top of the other.
forming a vertical column. Calculate the deformation of each of the
blocks. (2P)

7
28. An elevator of weight W is held by a cable of length L, diameter D.
and Young's modulus E.
a) Find the elongation of the cable. (1,5P)
b) The cable is replaced with 2 cables of the same material with lengths L and diameter.
D/2. Find the elongation of each cable. (1,5P)

29. A column 4m long and with a rectangular cross-section (20cm x 15cm)

of steel (E = 20x1010N/m2) a load of 12000N is applied. Calculate:
a) The effort. (1P)
b) The length of the column with the load. (2P)
c) The breaking effort of the column is 5x108N/m. What is the maximum load that
Could the column support it? (2P)

30. A homogeneous rigid rod weighing 60N is suspended horizontally.

through three wires, one at its midpoint and the other two at the ends.
Each of the wires has an equal initial length of 3m, equal cross-section.
4mm cross section2and its Young's modulus is E1= E32.0 x 1010N/m2, and E2=
1,0x1010N/m2respectively. It is requested to calculate:
a) The deformations in the wires. (02 pts)
b) The tensions in each wire. (02 pts)
c) The elastic potential energy accumulated in the medium wire (01 point)

31. A concrete block weighing 5,000 N is being supported by two

one copper cable and the other made of equal steel
length L = 2m. If the cross-section of the cable
the steel is 10 [Link] Ysteel= 20.0x1010N/m2, Ycopper
11.0x1010N/m2 ruptura= steel
5x108N/m2, ruptura copper
=
308N/m2Halle:
a) The cross-section of the copper cable for which
both have the same deformation .(2
points)
b) The effort of each cable. (1 point)
c) Do the cables break or not? Justify your answer. (2 points)
Answer: a) 18.2 mm2b) 2.50x108N/m21.37 times 108N/m2c) They do not break

32. The figure shows two solid cylindrical bars, one made of aluminum (ETo the=
7.0 x 1010Pa) and the other one of copper (EWith= 11x1010Pa) are welded at B. Find:
a) The normal efforts at the midpoint of each bar.
(2P)
b) The deformations of the bar. (2P)
c) The total deformation of the entire set. (1P)

8
An aluminum wire with a Young's modulus of 7x1010N/m2, of section
transversal7x105 m 2and 2m in length, it is stretched to the elastic limit, where
the effort at the elastic limit is 15x107 N/m2Determine:

a) The tension at the elastic limit. (1p)

b) The deformation at the elastic limit. (2p)
c) The energy stored in the wire at the elastic limit. (2p)
10
34. There is a steel wire ( Y = 20.5 x 10N/ m218 meters long in
vertical position that holds a load a.-) Determine the minimum diameter that
It must have this wire so that it does not deform more than 9 mm when hung.
a load of 380 kg at its lower end (Consider g = 9.81 m/s)2( 2
points) b.-) If the elastic limit for this steel is 3 x 108N/ m2Will an occurrence happen?
permanent deformation for this load? Explain and justify (2 points)

A 2 m long bar weighing 100 Newtons is held by 2 wires.

A and B of equal length. The cross-sectional area of A is 1 mm. 2and that of B is 2
mm2The Young's moduli of A and B are 10.5N/ mm2y 2 x 105N/mm2
respectively. Wire A is located at the left end of the bar.
a.-) What are the deformations of wires A and B if B is located in the
right end of the bar? (2 points) b,-) At what distance from the right end
Where should wire B be placed for the bar to remain horizontal?
points )

36. The uniform cross-section bar is a rectangle of 12.5 cm x 8 cm.

Young's modulus E = 5 x 106N/cm2supports the axial forces applied in the
Find the modulus of P
deformations of each section of the bar c.-) The total deformation of the bar
See figure. Note The force system is in equilibrium (5 p)
P 80KN
40kN 30KN

2m 4m 3m

37. The bar ABC in the figure is rigid, weighing

despicable, it is articulated in A and supported by
a steel cable of 1.5 m in length, of section
transversal line of area A = 2.0 x10-4m2y
Young's modulus, Y = 20x1010N/m2If in the

9
 At extreme C, a force of 8x10 is applied.4N
determine:

a) The tension in the cable. (01 pt)

b) The effort in the steel cable. (01 pt)
c) The unitary longitudinal deformation in the cable. (01 pt)
d) The elastic energy in the steel cable (02 pts)

Answer: a) 10.7x104N; b) 5.35x108N/m22.68x10-3215 J

38. A uniform block of concrete material weighing 12 tons rests on a tube.

of steel (Y = 2.15 x 1011N/m225 cm long vertical, 12 cm outer radius
and 4 cm of inner radius. Determine the thickness that the tube would need to have to
that would be able to support double this load such that the deformation obtained
be the same. (2 pts)

39. A block with a mass of 30 kg is hanging from the ceiling by means of two wires, one of
copper (1.15 x 1011Pa) 3 m long and 5 mm2of section, forming an angle
30º with the horizontal, and another one made of steel (2.15 x 1011from 2 m and 2 mm2, forming
an angle of 60º with the horizontal. How much will each of the
Wires? And, how much energy could have been stored in the copper wire? (3 pts)

40. Two wires each 3m long,

one of steel and the other of aluminum hold
a horizontal bar weighing 1200N.
Calculate:
a) The tension in each cable (2P)
b) The effort in the steel wire that
it is 10mm2of section (1P)
c) The area of the section in the other wire
so that both have equal
deformation(2P)
Note: The young modules are 7x10.10N/m2y
20x1010N/[Link] must choose which wire corresponds to each value.
Rpta. a) 200 N y 1000 N; b) 20x106N/m2; 143 mm2.

41. If a force F = 5kN is applied to a rigid bar suspended by three wires

as shown in the figure. The ends are aluminum
(Y=7x1010N/m2) and the one in the middle of an unknown material Aluminum wires
(Yx. If the rigid bar descends horizontally 1248.75x10- 1.43 cm2
7.5m
6
by the action of the force F. Determine: 25.0 cm 25.0cm
Unknown wire
a) The force that resists each wire in newtons. A=1.0 cm2
L=15.0 m
b) Young's modulus (Yxof the center wire in N/m2.
c) The effort of each wire. In N/m2

Rpta. a) 1,67 kN; 46,7 kN; 1,67 kN; b) 561x1010N/m2; c) 50.0 kN

11.7 x 106N/m2; 467x106N/m211.7x106N/m2

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42. The figure shows a rigid bar of weight
6000 N which is in equilibrium supported by
two cables: one of aluminum (7x1010Pa) and another of
steel (2.1x1011Find the relationship of the
cross-sectional areas of the cables
(Ato the/Aacin the following cases:
a) To keep the bar horizontal. (3p)
b) So that the tensions in the cables are equal. (2p)

43. The bar ABC in the figure is rigid, with a weight W =

8.0 x 103N is articulated at A and B, supported by
a steel cable of 1.5 m in length, of section
transversal line with area A = 2.0 x 10-4m2and module of
Young, Y = 20x1010N/m2. If at point C there is
sustained a weight block W = 8x104N, determine:
a) The tension in the steel cable. (02 pts)
c) The unitary longitudinal deformation in the cable. (01 point)
d) The elastic energy in the steel cable (02 pts)
Answer a) 5.6x108N/m2; b) 2.8x10-3235 J

44. A cylindrical bar with a diameter of 8.74 cm is rigidly held between two
large walls and loaded with an axial force
F = 6x105N (see figure). Young's modulus
from the bar is 107N/cm2
a) The efforts in each section of the bar.
(2P)
b) The deformations in both sections
indicating whether it is tension or compression.
(2P)

45. A negligible weight rigid bar OC suspended by two 1 m cables.

4.0 cm2y A2= 5.0 cm2respectively located at A and B,
and 1.5 m with A1=
which have efforts of
rupture σ13.0x106N/m2y σ2=
4.0x106N/cm2 respectively
as shown in the figure.2=
5Y1/3).
Find the maximum vertical weight that is
Can you put it in C.

46. The bar ABC is rigid and negligible mass, it is articulated at A and supported by
a steel cable (Y = 20x106N/cm2; Sac= 3 cm2, Lac= 3 m), at the end
free a force F = 8x10 is applied4N. The distances d1= 2m y d2= 1m. Hall:
The tension in the cable
point C.

11
A bar of length L and negligible weight is in equilibrium,
held by two L wires1(brass) and L2copper
Both wires have the same section
transverse of 1.50 mm2and the initial length
the brass is 1.85 m. If 175.0º 2= 30.0º and
W = 840 N, find:
a) The tensions in both wires.
b) The initial length of the copper if L20.11 cm.
c) Calculate the deformation of the brass L1.
48. Consider: Ycopper1.00 × 1011N/m2, Ybrass =
9.10 times 1010N/m2

Rpta. a) 2,81x103 N; 840 N; b) 0,216 m; c) 0,0381 m

48. A rigid horizontal bar AB of 1.5m in length, with a constant section.
It weighs 1000N and is supported by two vertical wires, one made of steel (Ysteel =
20x1010N/m2) and another of copper (Ycopper= 11x1010N/m2Each wire is 1.5m long.
length and 5.0 mm2of cross-section. The copper wire is secured in the
extreme A of the bar and the steel one at a distance x from the extreme B of the bar. If
both wires have the same deformation, determine:

a) The DCL of the horizontal bar AB. (1pt)

b) The distance x. (1pt)
c) The tension in each
wire. (2 points)
The effort in each
wire. (1pt)

0.338 m

49. The horizontal bar, shown in the figure, is rigid with negligible weight.
articulated at one end and held by a cable 6m long, 1
cm2cross-sectional area and Young's modulus 8x106N/cm2it is also supported
about a block of 6m in length, 5cm2of cross-section and modulus of
Young 6x106N/cm2At the free end, a force F = 10 kN is applied.
Calculate in the cable and the block:
a) The efforts
b) The deformations in each of them.

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 50. The femur (bone whose Young's modulus is 1.5 x 1010N/m2It is the hardest bone
long and strong of the body. If we assume that a typical femur is approximately
cylindrical with a radius of 2 cm.
a) How much force in N will be required to stretch the bone by 0.015 %
11
b) How much does a steel wire with a Young's modulus of 2 x 10 stretch?
N / m2of length
-1
initial 75 cm and diameter 1.5 x 10 when a voltage of 450 is applied
Newtons
c) What is the main condition of a material regarding the stress applied to it?
to design a specific structure

i. The rigid bar AB measuring 3.14m in length and weighing 500.0N is hinged at the
point A and is supported by the copper cable CB with a cross-section of 8mm 2, if
find in static equilibrium (see figure). From
At extreme B of the bar, a weight W is suspended =
2.0kN through the brass cable BD of length
initial of 2m and cross-section 4mm2. ( YCopper
11 10
1 times 10 Dad, YTin= 9x10 Pa )

a) Find the tension of the copper cable (2P)

b) determine the deformations of each cable (2P)
c) The tension of each cable (1P)
52. The figure shows a rigid bar AB in equilibrium weighing 200N, measuring 3.0m.
elongated, articulated at point A and supported by a
BC steel cable with an initial length of 2.99m and with
an unknown cross-section A. If at 1.0m from
At extreme B, a block W=1800N is suspended and
Ysteel= 2x1011Pa, Halle:
a) The tension T of the cable. (2 points)
b) The deformation ΔL of the cable. (1 point)
c) The cross section A of the cable. (1pt)

53. The figure shows a beam of negligible weight. in

balance sustained by a brass cable (Y Brass =
10 2
9.0x10 Pipe) 5m long and 4mm of section
transversal; at the upper end of the beam, it hangs
supported by a copper wire (YCopper= 11,0x1010Pa)
3 meters long and 2mm2of cross section, a
500N weight block.
a) Calculate the stresses of each cable. (3p)
b) Determine the deformations of each cable. (2p)

54. In the figure, the horizontal beam, 2.50 m long and weighing 300 N, is in equilibrium.
supported on B it is attached to an aluminum rope
(Y = 7,0x1010N/m2), with a cross section of 1.50
mm2and a length of 1.20 m; the rope can support
a maximum effort of 250x106N/m2About the
there is a block of 200 N at a distance x from the beam
extreme A.

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a) Create the Free Body Diagram of the beam.
b) Raise the effort of the string as a function of the block's position x and graph it.
effort as a function of x.
c) Find the maximum distance x of the block until the rope reaches its tension.
maximum and its obtained deformation.

55. An elevator in a building is supported by 4 cables of steel (Y = 20x1010

N/m2) that are 45 m long each, with a circular section of 12 cm in radius. They
is at rest and has a total mass of 2800 Kg. Find:
a) The force in each cable
b) The deformation of each cable
c) The deformation when it starts to increase with an acceleration of 1.2 m/s2

The figure shows a 20 kg block hanging

by means of a 1.2 m long wire suspended from
a nail. The wire is made of steel and has a diameter of
1.2 mm. If Yac= 2 x 1011N/m2youbreak =
6 2
500x10 N/m Determine:
a) The total deformation of the steel cable in mm.
b) If the length of the wire is doubled, what is the new
deformation?
c) What is the minimum length that the wire can have?
before breaking?

57. The beam AB shown, with a length of 2.50 m and a weight of 200 N, in equilibrium supported
This is subject to an aluminum cord CB (Y = 7.0x1010
N/m2), with a cross section of 1.30 mm2the rope can
support a maximum load of 250x106N/m2The beam
holds a block of 300 N.
d) Make the Free Body Diagram of the beam.
e) Measure the tension of the rope and indicate if it has broken.
f) Find the maximum weight that the block can have before
breaking the rope and the deformation of the rope.

58. In the tensile test of a copper bar with a diameter of 12.5 mm and 50 mm of
Length, the following values of force and elongation have been recorded.

a) Plot the stress-strain curve

b) From the slope of the graph, find the modulus of Young.
Calculate the stress at the yield limit.

A 5mm diameter CD cable, 1.5m in length

Young's modulus equals 9x1010But, at one of its ends it is
connected to point C of a horizontal beam AB of 3m of

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Length of weight 12 kN, which is supported by a hinge at end A (see figure). (AC
= 2m)
Find the stress and deformation of the cable.
Answer: 7.63x108And 12.7 times 10-3m

60. The beam AB weighing 40 kg and 3.5 m in length is in equilibrium. The bar is
articulated at A and suspended from an aluminum cable (Y=7.0x1010N/m2)
perpendicular to the bar, with a cross-sectional area of 1.20 mm 2and can
withstand a maximum effort of 250x106N/m2At 1.50 m from the
At end B, a block weighing 140 N is suspended. Determine:
a) The free body diagram of the beam AB. (1 p)
b) The effort of the cable and indicate if it has broken.
Find the maximum weight that the block can have before
breaking the cable and the unit deformation in that case

61. The stress tests of a certain material respond to the following graph.
Stress vs. Strain. With a
cable of this material, 1.50 cm in diameter
and 2.50 m in length is desired to be raised a
container. It is requested:
a) The Young's modulus of the material.
b) The weights that the cable can support for
to reach the elastic limit and for it to break.
c) The weight that the cable can support is
I worked at 70% of its elastic limit and the
cable deformation.

62. The equilibrium system consists of a horizontal homogeneous bar AB.

length 2.00 m, weight 3000 N and the angle = 30º. About the
A bar rests on a block of 4000 N at a distance x from the
Point A. The steel cable has a cross-section of
0.300 cm2Young's modulus 20x10 N/m102Elastic Limit
8 2
equals 2.4 times 10 N/m ), it is requested:
a) The cable stress as a function of x and graphing Stress vs x.
b) The position x for the stress to be 75% of the yield limit.
c) The deformation of the cable for the calculated position x

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