The modified Vapor Compression cycle
(VCC)
h1 = hg @ PL ( sat vapor )
s2 = s1 ( Isentropic )
h3 = h4 = hf @ Ph ( sat liquid )
Pressure - Enthalpy Chart
Pressure
Ideal vapor
3 2
compression
cycle
4 1
Enthalpy
Pressure - Enthalpy Chart
Pressure
3 2
4 1
What is this called?
Enthalpy
Using tables :
(1)- Since point (1) is saturated vapor
h1 = hg @ Evaporation pressure / Temperature
h1 =hg1 @ TL or h1 =hg1 @ PL
(2)- Since point (2) is super heated
h2 > hg @ condensation pressure /Temperature
h2 > hg2 @ Ph
h2 = hg2 + CPv2 ( T2 – Tcond )
(3)- Since point (3) is saturated liquid
h3 = hf @ Condensation Pressure / Temperature
h3 = hf3 @ TH also h3 = hf3 @ PH
(4)- h4 = h3 ( expansion valve )
Pressure - Enthalpy Chart
Pressure
3 2
Adding a subcooler
Refrigeration
4 Effect 1
Enthalpy
Pressure - Enthalpy Chart
Pressure
3’ 3 2
Adding a subcooler
Refrigeration
4’ 4 Effect 1
Enthalpy
Pressure - Enthalpy Chart
Pressure
3’ 3 2
Adding a subcooler
Refrigeration Increases refrigeration effect
4’ 4 Effect 1
Enthalpy
Pressure - Enthalpy Chart
Pressure
3’ 3 2 Adding a subcooler
Increases refrigeration effect
Increases energy efficiency
Refrigeration
4’ 4 Effect 1
Enthalpy
Pressure - Enthalpy Chart
Pressure
3’ 3 2
Subcooled
Refrigeration
4’ 4 Effect 1
Enthalpy
Pressure - Enthalpy Chart
Pressure
3’ 3 2 2’
Subcooled Superheat Adding a superheat
Refrigeration
4’ 4 Effect 1 1’
Enthalpy
Pressure - Enthalpy Chart
Pressure Modified vapor compression cycle
(1’ – 2’ – 3’ – 4’)
3’ 3 2 2’
Subcooled Superheat
Refrigeration
4’ 4 Effect 1 1’
Enthalpy
Pressure - Enthalpy Chart
Pressure Modified vapor compression cycle
(1’ – 2’ – 3’ – 4’)
3’ 3 2 2’
Subcooled Superheat
Refrigeration
Refrigeration effect qL = h1’ – h4’
4’ 4 Effect 1 1’
Compression work Wc = h2’ – h1’
Heat rejected qh = h2’ – h3’
Enthalpy
Modified VCR Cycle
SCT = Saturated Condensing Temperature
DSC = Degrees of Subcooling = SCT – T3
Subcooling increases the
refrigeration capacity
Superheating provides a dry
vapor at the compressor inlet
SET = Saturated Evaporating Temperature
DSH = Degrees of Superheat = T1 – SET
15
Using tables :
(1)- Since point (1) is saturated vapor
h1 = hg @ Evaporation pressure / Temperature
h1 =hg1 @ TL or h1 =hg1 @ PL
(2)- Since point (2) is super heated
h2 > hg @ condensation pressure /Temperature
h2 > hg2 @ Ph
h2 = hg2 + CPv2 ( T2 – Tcond )
(3’)- Since point (3) is Subcooled liquid
h3’ < hf @ condensation pressure /Temperature
h3’ < hf @ Ph
h3’ = hf3 - CPL3 ( Tcond - T3’)
(4’)- h4’ = h3’ ( expansion valve )
Ideal VCC
+
Subcooling
Using tables :
(1’)- Since point (1’) is super heated
h1’ > hg @ Evaporator pressure /Temperature
h1’ > hg1 @ PL / TL
h1’ = hg1 + CPv1 ( T1’ – TEvap. )
(2’)- Since point (2’) is super heated
1’ h2’ > hg @ condensation pressure /Temperature
h2’ > hg2 @ Ph
h2’ = hg2 + CPv2 ( T2’ – Tcond )
(3)- Since point (3) is saturated liquid
h3 = hf @ Condensation Pressure / Temperature
h3 = hf3 @ TH also h3 = hf3 @ PH
Ideal VCC (4)- h4 = h3 ( expansion valve )
+
Superheating
Using tables :
(1’)- Since point (1’) is super heated
h1’ > hg @ Evaporator pressure /Temperature
h1’ > hg1 @ PL
h1’ = hg1 + CPv1 ( T1’ – TEvap. )
(2’)- Since point (2’) is super heated
h2’ > hg @ condensation pressure /Temperature
h2’ > hg2 @ Ph
h2’ = hg2 + CPv2 ( T2’ – Tcond )
(3’)- Since point (3) is Subcooled liquid
Ideal VCC h3’ < hf @ condensation pressure /Temperature
h3’ < hf @ Ph
+ h3’ = hf3 - CPL3 ( Tcond - T3’)
Subcooling (4’)- h4’ = h3’ ( expansion valve )
+
Superheating
Using tables :
(1) - Since point (1’) is super heated
h1’ > hg @ Evaporator pressure /Temperature
h1 > hg1 @ PL
h1 = hg1 + CPv1 ( T1 – TEvap. )
(2)- Since point (2’) is super heated
h2 > hg @ condensation pressure /Temperature
h2 > hg2 @ Ph
h2 = hg2 + CPv2 ( T2 – Tcond )
(3) - Since point (3) is Subcooled liquid
VCC (not ideal) h3 < hf @ condensation pressure /Temperature
h3 < hf @ Ph
+ h3 = hf3 - CPL3 ( Tcond - T3)
Subcooling (4)- h4 = h3 ( expansion valve )
+
Superheating
Example : 1: Ideal VCC ( using chart )
A standard vapor-compression cycle using refrigerant 134a operates with a condensing
temperature of 35 oC and an evaporating temperature of -10 oC.
Solve using charts and calculate :
(a) The refrigerating effect in Kj/kg.
(b) The COP.
(c) The Work compressor
1- Open the chart of R-134a
2- obtain the enthalpy of the each point
3-solve the problem
h1 = 393 Kj/kg
h3= h4 = 250 Kj/kg h2 = 424 Kj/kg
A standard vapor-compression cycle developing 50 kW of refrigeration using refrigerant 134a
operates with a condensing temperature of 35 oC and an evaporating temperature of -10 oC.
Solve using charts and calculate :
(a) The refrigerating effect in Kj/kg.
(b) The COP.
(c) The Work compressor
From chart h1 = 392 kJ/kg , h2 = 424 kJ/kg , h3 =h4 = 250 kJ/kg
(a) Refrigeration effect (qL) = ( h1 – h4 )
= 392 – 250 = 142 kJ/kg
(d) Compression work = (h2’ – h1’) =
( 424 – 392 ) = 32 = 11.264 kJ/kg
Example 2 Ideal VCC + subcooling ( using chart )
A standard vapor-compression cycle using refrigerant 134a operates with a condensing
temperature of 35 oC and an evaporating temperature of -10 oC.
If the refrigerant is subcooled by 15 oC before expansion .
Solve using charts and calculate :
((a) The refrigerating effect in Kj/kg.
(b) The COP.
(c) The Work compressor
1- Open the chart of R-134a
2- obtain the enthalpy of the each point
3- solve the problem
h1 = 393 Kj/kg
h3’= h4’ = 228 Kj/kg h2 = 424 Kj/kg
A standard vapor-compression cycle developing 50 kW of refrigeration using refrigerant 134a
operates with a condensing temperature of 35 oC and an evaporating temperature of -10 oC.
If the refrigerant is subcooled by 15 oC before expansion .
Solve using charts and calculate :
(a) The refrigerating effect in Kj/kg.
(b) The circulation rate of refrigerant in kg/s .
(c) The COP.
(d) The power required by the compressor in kW.
From chart h1 = 392 kJ/kg , h2 = 424 kJ/kg , h3’ =h4’ = 228 kJ/kg
(a) Refrigeration effect (qL) = ( h1 – h4’ )
= 392 – 228 = 164 kJ/kg
(d) Compression Work = (h2 – h1)
= ( 424 – 392 ) 32 kJ/kg
Example 3: Ideal VCC+ Super heating ( using chart )
A standard vapor-compression cycle using refrigerant 134a operates with a condensing
temperature of 35 oC and an evaporating temperature of -10 oC.
The Refrigerant enters the compressor at 0 oC .
Solve using charts and calculate :
(a) The refrigerating effect in Kj/kg.
(b) The Work compressor
(c) The COP.
1- Open the chart of R-134a
2- obtain the enthalpy of the each point
3- solve the problem
h1’ = 402 Kj/kg
h3= h4 = 250 Kj/kg h2’ = 437 Kj/kg
A standard vapor-compression cycle using refrigerant 134a operates with a condensing
temperature of 35 oC and an evaporating temperature of -10 oC.
Solve using charts and calculate :
(a) The refrigerating effect in Kj/kg.
(b) The COP.
(c) The Work compressor
From chart h1’ = 402 kJ/kg , h2’ = 437 kJ/kg , h3 =h4 = 250 kJ/kg
(a) Refrigeration effect (qL) = ( h1’ – h4 )
= 402 – 250 = 152 kJ/kg
(d) Compression power =(h2’ – h1’)
= ( 437 – 402 ) = 35 kJ/kg
Example 4 : Ideal VCC+ subcooling + Super heating ( using chart )
A standard vapor-compression cycle using refrigerant 134a operates with a condensing
temperature of 35 oC and an evaporating temperature of -10 oC.
The Refrigerant enters the compressor at 0 oC and leaves the condenser subcooled by 15 oC
Solve using charts and calculate :
(a) The refrigerating effect in Kj/kg.
(b) The Work compressor
(c) The COP.
1- Open the chart of R-134a
2- obtain the enthalpy of the each point
3- olve the problem
h1’ = 402 Kj/kg
h3’= h4’ = 228 Kj/kg h2’ = 437 Kj/kg
A standard vapor-compression cycle using refrigerant 134a operates with a condensing
temperature of 35 oC and an evaporating temperature of -10 oC.
The Refrigerant enters the compressor at 0 oC and leaves the condenser subcooled by 15 oC
Solve using charts and calculate :
(a) The refrigerating effect in Kj/kg.
(b) The Work compressor
(c) The COP.
From chart h1’ = 402 kJ/kg , h2’ = 437 kJ/kg , h3’ =h4’ = 228 kJ/kg
(a) Refrigeration effect (qL) = ( h1’ – h4’ )
= 402 – 228 = 174 kJ/kg
(d) Work compressor =(h2’ – h1’)
= ( 437 – 402 ) = 35 kJ/kg
Example 5: Ideal VCC+ subcooling + Super heating ( using tables)
A vapor-compression cycle using refrigerant 134a operates with a condensing temperature of 35 oC and an
evaporating temperature of -10 oC.
The Refrigerant enters the compressor at 0 oC.
The refrigerant is also subcooled by 15 oC before expansion .
Solve using tables ( Cpv1 =0.88 kJ/kg.k , Cpv2 = 1.15 kJ/kg.k and CPL3 =1.33 kJ/kg.k
(a) The refrigerating effect in Kj/kg.
(b) The Work compressor
(c) The COP.
TL = -10 oC and TH = 35 oC
h1’ = hg1 + CPv1 ( T1’ – Tevap )
h1 =hg1 @ -10 oC = 392.66 kJ/kg ( Tables )
CPv1 = 0.88 kJ/kg.k ( given )
T1’ = 0 oC
h1’ = 392.66 + 0.88 [ 0 – (-10) ] = 401.46 kJ/kg
h2’ = hg2 + CPv2 ( T2’ – Tcond )
hg2 = hg @ 35 oC = 417.185 kJ/kg ( Tables )
Cpv2 = 1.15 kJ/kg.K ( given )
S2’ = S1’ : unknown ?!!!
sg2 =sg @35 oC = 1.7125 kJ/kg.K ( Tables )
s1 = sg1 @-10 oC = 1.7334 kJ/kg.K ( Tables )
T2’ = 322.74 k = 49.73 oC
h2’ = hg2 + CPv2 ( T2’ – Tcond )
h2’ = 417.185 + 1.15 ( 49.73 – 35 ) = 434.13 kJ/kg Complete
h3’ = hf3 - CPL3 (Tcond - T3’ )
h3 = hf3 = hf @ 35 oC = 249.01 kJ/kg
yourself
CpL3 = 1.33 kJ/kg.K ( given )
h3’ = 249.01 – 1.33 ( 15 ) = 229.06 kJ/kg.k
h3’ = h4’ = 229.06 kJ/kg
Example 6: non Ideal VCC+ subcooling + Super heating ( using chart )
A vapor-compression cycle using refrigerant 134a operates with a condensing temperature of 35 oC
and an evaporating temperature of -10 oC.
The Refrigerant enters the compressor at 0 oC and leaves is at 60 oC .
The refrigerant is also subcooled by 15 oC before expansion .
Solve using charts and calculate :
(a) The refrigerating effect in Kj/kg.
(b) The Work compressor
(c) The COP.
1- Open the chart of R-134a
2- obtain the enthalpy of the each point
3- olve the problem
h1’ = 402 Kj/kg
h3’= h4’ = 228 Kj/kg h2’ = 446 Kj/kg
A standard vapor-compression cycle using refrigerant 134a operates with a condensing
temperature of 35 oC and an evaporating temperature of -10 oC.
The Refrigerant enters the compressor at 0 oC and leaves is at 60 oC .
The refrigerant is also subcooled by 15 oC before expansion .
Solve using charts and calculate :
(a) The refrigerating effect in Kj/kg.
(b) The COP.
(c) The Work compressor
From chart h1’ = 402 kJ/kg , h2’ = 446 kJ/kg , h3’ =h4’ = 228 kJ/kg
(a) Refrigeration effect (qL) = ( h1’ – h4’ )
= 402 – 228 = 174 kJ/kg
(d) Compression power =(h2’ – h1’)
= ( 446 – 402 ) = 44 kJ/kg
Example 6 : non Ideal VCC+ subcooling + Super heating ( using tables)
A vapor-compression cycle using refrigerant 134a operates with a condensing temperature of 35 oC and an
evaporating temperature of -10 oC.
The Refrigerant enters the compressor at 0 oC and leaves is at 60 oC .
The refrigerant is also subcooled by 15 oC before expansion .
Solve using tables ( Cpv1 =0.88 kJ/kg.k , Cpv2 = 1.15 kJ/kg.k and CPL3 =1.33 kJ/kg.k
(a) The refrigerating effect in Kj/kg.
(b) The Work compressor
(c) The COP.
TL = -10 oC and TH = 35 oC
hg1 @ -10 oC = 392.66 kJ/kg
h1 = hg1 + CPv1 ( T1– Tevap )
CPv1 = 0.88 kJ/kg.k ( given )
h1 = 392.66 + 0.88 [ 0 – (-10) ] = 401.46 kJ/kg
h2 = hg2 + CPv2 ( T2 – Tcond )
hg2 = hg @ 35 oC = 417.185 kJ/kg
Cpv2 = 1.15 kJ/kg.K ( given )
h2 = 417.185 + 1.1 ( 60 – 35 ) = 445.935 kJ/kg
h3 = hf3 - CPL3 (Tcond - T3 )
h3 = hf3 = hf @ 35 oC = 249.01 kJ/kg
CpL3 = 1.33 kJ/kg.K ( given )
h3 = 249.01 – 1.33 ( 15 ) = 229.06 kJ/kg.k
h3’ = h4’ = 229.06 kJ/kg
From tables and equations
h1’ = 401.46 kJ/kg
h2’ = 445.935 kJ/kg
h3’ =h4’ = 229.06 kJ/kg
Complete
yourself
