IBM HR ANALYTICS EMPLOYEE ATTRITION & PERFORMANCE

DATA VISUALIZATION AND ANALYTICS

Submitted by

MOHAMMED IMDHIYAS A (24NKU37)

BHARATH RAJ (24NKU10)

DEEPAK (24NKU13)

VARSHAA (24NKU63)

MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

IN

NORTHERN KENTUCKY UNIVERSITY

PSG INSTITUTE OF ADVANCED STUDIES

(NORTHERN KENTUCKY UNIVERSITY PROGRAM)

PEELAMEDU, COIMBATORE – 641004

SEPTEMBER 2025
Objectives

• To analyze employee attrition and performance factors using IBM HR Analytics

dataset.
• To identify key variables such as work-life balance, job satisfaction, years at
company, and income that influence employee retention.
• To apply descriptive statistics and visualization techniques for interpreting
workforce trends.
• To provide insights that help management improve HR policies, employee
engagement, and reduce turnover.

Research Problem

Employee attrition is a critical challenge faced by organizations as it directly impacts

productivity, costs, and organizational knowledge retention. Despite having employee
data, many companies struggle to extract meaningful insights that can guide decision-
making. The research problem addressed in this study is:

How can HR analytics and data visualization techniques be used to identify key factors
contributing to employee attrition and performance, and how can these insights support
managerial strategies for workforce retention?”

Descriptive Analysis

The IBM HR Analytics dataset consists of 1,470 employee records covering multiple
variables like age, tenure, work-life balance, job satisfaction, salary hike, and promotion
history.

• Tenure & Promotions: On average, employees stay about 7 years at the

company, with 2.18 years since last promotion, showing gaps in career
progression.
• Work Environment: Employees rated work-life balance at 2.76/4 and
environment satisfaction at 2.72/4, indicating moderate satisfaction levels.
• Compensation: The average monthly income is ₹6,503, but with high variation,
suggesting income inequality across roles and levels.
• Job Engagement: Job involvement and satisfaction scores both average around
2.7/4, showing scope for improving engagement strategies.
• Diversity in Experience: Employees worked across an average of 2.7
companies and had 11.3 total working years, reflecting varied backgrounds.
 YEARS WITH CURRENT MANAGER

Column1

Mean 4.123129252
Standard Error 0.093064221
Median 3
Mode 2
Standard Deviation 3.568136121
Sample Variance 12.73159537
Kurtosis 0.171058084
Skewness 0.833450992
Range 17
Minimum 0
Maximum 17
Sum 6061
Count 1470

• On average, employees have worked 4.12 years with their current manager.
• The most common duration is 2 years, while the median is 3 years.
• The range is large, from 0 to 17 years, showing high variation among employees.

YEARS SINCE LAST PROMOTION

Column1

Mean 2.187755102
Standard Error 0.084047512
Median 1
Mode 0
Standard Deviation 3.222430279
Sample Variance 10.3840569
Kurtosis 3.612673115
Skewness 1.984289983
Range 15
Minimum 0
Maximum 15
Sum 3216
Count 1470

• Employees have an average of 2.18 years since their last promotion.

• The most frequent value is 0 years, meaning many were recently promoted.
• The maximum gap recorded is 15 years.
 YEARS IN CURRENT ROLE
Column1

Mean 4.229251701
Standard Error 0.094498756
Median 3
Mode 2
Standard Deviation 3.623137035
Sample Variance 13.12712197
Kurtosis 0.477420774
Skewness 0.917363156
Range 18
Minimum 0
Maximum 18
Sum 6217
Count 1470

• Employees spend on average 4.23 years in their current role.

• The median time is 3 years, with a maximum of 18 years.

YEARS AT COMPANY

Column1

Mean 7.008163265
Standard Error 0.159792192
Median 5
Mode 5
Standard Deviation 6.126525152
Sample Variance 37.53431044
Kurtosis 3.935508756
Skewness 1.764529454
Range 40
Minimum 0
Maximum 40
Sum 10302
Count 1470

• Employees have worked at the company for an average of 7 years.

• Half of the employees have at least 5 years of service.
• The longest tenure recorded is 40 years.
 WORK LIFE BALANCE
Column1

Mean 2.76122449
Standard Error 0.01842632
Median 3
Mode 3
Standard Deviation 0.70647583
Sample Variance 0.4991081
Kurtosis 0.4194605
Skewness -0.5524803
Range 3
Minimum 1
Maximum 4
Sum 4059
Count 1470

• The average rating for work-life balance is 2.76 (out of 4).

• Most employees rated it as 3, showing moderate satisfaction.

TRAINING TIME LAST YEAR

Column1

Mean 2.799319728
Standard Error 0.033626791
Median 3
Mode 2
Standard Deviation 1.289270621
Sample Variance 1.662218734
Kurtosis 0.494992986
Skewness 0.553124171
Range 6
Minimum 0
Maximum 6
Sum 4115
Count 1470

• On average, employees spent 2.8 days in training last year.

• The median value is 3 days, with a maximum of 6 days.
 TOTAL WORKING YEARS
Column1

Mean 11.2795918
Standard Error 0.20293855
Median 10
Mode 10
Standard Deviation 7.78078168
Sample Variance 60.5405635
Kurtosis 0.91826954
Skewness 1.11717185
Range 40
Minimum 0
Maximum 40
Sum 16581
Count 1470

• The average employee has 11.28 total working years of experience.

• The median is 10 years, with some employees having up to 40 years.

STOCK OPTION LEVEL

Column1

Mean 0.7938776
Standard Error 0.0222239
Median 1
Mode 0
Standard Deviation 0.8520767
Sample Variance 0.7260346
Kurtosis 0.3646343
Skewness 0.9689803
Range 3
Minimum 0
Maximum 3
Sum 1167
Count 1470

• The average stock option level is 0.79.

• Most employees have a level of 0, while the maximum is 3
 Relationship Satisfaction

Column1

Mean 2.7122449
Standard Error 0.02820012
Median 3
Mode 3
Standard Deviation 1.08120889
Sample Variance 1.16901266
-
Kurtosis 1.18481398
-
Skewness 0.30282757
Range 3
Minimum 1
Maximum 4
Sum 3987
Count 1470

• Employees gave an average relationship satisfaction score of 2.71 (out of 4).

• The most common response was 3, indicating moderate satisfaction.

PERFORMANCE RATING

Column1

Mean 3.153741497
Standard Error 0.009411009
Median 3
Mode 3
Standard Deviation 0.360823525
Sample Variance 0.130193616
Kurtosis 1.69593867
Skewness 1.921882702
Range 1
Minimum 3
Maximum 4
Sum 4636
Count 1470

• The average performance rating is 3.15 (out of 4).

• The median and mode are 3, meaning most employees perform above average.
 PERCENT SALARY HIKE
Column1

Mean 15.20952381
Standard Error 0.095458593
Median 14
Mode 11
Standard Deviation 3.659937717
Sample Variance 13.39514409
-
Kurtosis 0.300598222
Skewness 0.821127976
Range 14
Minimum 11
Maximum 25
Sum 22358
Count 1470

• Employees received an average salary hike of 15.2%.

• The most common hike is 11%, with a maximum of 25%.

No Of Company Worked

Column1

Mean 2.693197279
Standard Error 0.065153137
Median 2
Mode 1
Standard Deviation 2.498009006
Sample Variance 6.240048994
Kurtosis 0.010213817
Skewness 1.026471112
Range 9
Minimum 0
Maximum 9
Sum 3959
Count 1470

• On average, employees have worked in 2.7 companies before.

• The median is 2, with a maximum of 9 companies.
 Monthly Rate
Column1

Mean 14313.1034
Standard Error 185.6462846
Median 14235.5
Mode 9150
Standard Deviation 7117.786044
Sample Variance 50662878.17
Kurtosis -1.2149561
Skewness 0.018577808
Range 24905
Minimum 2094
Maximum 26999
Sum 21040262
Count 1470

• The average monthly rate is ₹14,313, with a wide range from ₹2,094 to ₹26,999.

MONTHLY INCOME

Column1

Mean 6502.931293
Standard Error 122.7930538
Median 4919
Mode 2342
Standard Deviation 4707.956783
Sample Variance 22164857.07
Kurtosis 1.005232691
Skewness 1.369816681
Range 18990
Minimum 1009
Maximum 19999
Sum 9559309
Count 1470

• The average monthly income is ₹6,503.

• The most common salary is ₹2,342, while the maximum is ₹19,999.
 Job Satisfaction
Column1

Mean 2.72857143
Standard Error 0.02876446
Median 3
Mode 4
Standard Deviation 1.10284612
Sample Variance 1.21626957
Kurtosis -1.2221926
Skewness -0.329672
Range 3
Minimum 1
Maximum 4
Sum 4011
Count 1470

• The average job satisfaction score is 2.73 (out of 4).

• Most employees rated their job satisfaction as 4, showing high satisfaction.

Job Level

Column1

Mean 2.063945578
Standard Error 0.028871236
Median 2
Mode 1
Standard
Deviation 1.106939899
Sample Variance 1.22531594
Kurtosis 0.399152055
Skewness 1.025401283
Range 4
Minimum 1
Maximum 5
Sum 3034
Count 1470

• Employees are at an average job level of 2.06.

• The most common level is 1, while the maximum is 5.
 Job Involment
Column1

Mean 2.729931973
Standard Error 0.018558957
Median 3
Mode 3
Standard Deviation 0.711561143
Sample Variance 0.50631926
Kurtosis 0.270998766
Skewness -0.498419364
Range 3
Minimum 1
Maximum 4
Sum 4013
Count 1470

• The average job involvement score is 2.73 (out of 4).

• The most frequent response is 3, indicating good involvement.

Hourly Rate

Column1

Mean 65.8911565
Standard Error 0.53023267
Median 66
Mode 66
Standard Deviation 20.3294276
Sample Variance 413.285626
-
Kurtosis 1.19639846
-
Skewness 0.03231095
Range 70
Minimum 30
Maximum 100
Sum 96860
Count 1470

• The average hourly rate is ₹65.9, with a typical rate of ₹66.

• Rates vary widely between ₹30 and ₹100.
 ENVIRONMENT SATISFACTION
Column1

Mean 2.72176871
Standard Error 0.0285098
Median 3
Mode 3
Standard
Deviation 1.09308221
Sample Variance 1.19482873
Kurtosis -1.2025205
Skewness -0.3216544
Range 3
Minimum 1
Maximum 4
Sum 4001
Count 1470

• Employees rated environment satisfaction at an average of 2.72 (out of 4).

• The most common response was 3, showing moderate satisfaction.

EMPLOYEE NUMBER

Column1

Mean 1024.86531
Standard Error 15.7020147
Median 1020.5
Mode #N/A
Standard Deviation 602.024335
Sample Variance 362433.3
Kurtosis -1.2231789
Skewness 0.01657402
Range 2067
Minimum 1
Maximum 2068
Sum 1506552
Count 1470

• Employee numbers range from 1 to 2068, with an average of 1025.

 EDUCATION
Column1

Mean 2.91292517
Standard Error 0.0267123
Median 3
Mode 3
Standard
Deviation 1.02416494
Sample Variance 1.04891383
Kurtosis -0.559115
Skewness -0.2896811
Range 4
Minimum 1
Maximum 5
Sum 4282
Count 1470

• The average education level is 2.91 (out of 5).

• Most employees have level 3 education, which may represent a bachelor’s degree.

Distance From Home

Column1

Mean 9.192517007
Standard Error 0.211443453
Median 7
Mode 2
Standard Deviation 8.106864436
Sample Variance 65.72125098
Kurtosis -0.224833405
Skewness 0.958117996
Range 28
Minimum 1
Maximum 29
Sum 13513
Count 1470

• On average, employees live 9.2 km from the workplace.

• The farthest distance recorded is 29 km.
 Column1

Mean 802.4857143
Standard Error 10.52433506
Median 802
Mode 691
Standard Deviation 403.5090999
Sample Variance 162819.5937
Kurtosis -1.203822808
Skewness -0.003518568
Range 1397
Minimum 102
Maximum 1499
Sum 1179654
Count 1470
• The average daily rate is ₹802, ranging from ₹102 to ₹1,499.

SCATTER

Ch art Title
100
80
60
40
20
0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600

Relationship Satisfaction Standard Hours

Performance Rating
Total Working Years Training Times Last Year
Stock Option Level
Work Life Balance Years At Company Years In Current Role
Years With Curr Manager
Years Since Last
 Frequency 0.5 Y
1.5
1

50
0
100
150
18 0
21.315…
24.631…
20

27.947…
31.263…
34.578…
40

37.894…

Bin
41.210…
44.526…
60

47.842…
Histogram

51.157…
54.473…
Sample Percentile
80

57.789…
Normal Probability Plot

100
120

Frequency