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8086 Microprocessor Programming Tutorial

The document contains a series of assembly language tutorials for the 8086 microprocessor, covering various programming tasks such as summing natural numbers, converting lowercase vowels to uppercase, counting vowels and words in a string, and displaying text on the screen. Each tutorial includes a title, code structure, and comments indicating the purpose of the code. The document is compiled by Er. Hari Aryal and includes multiple example programs demonstrating different functionalities.

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myhughjadic
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© © All Rights Reserved
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18 views15 pages

8086 Microprocessor Programming Tutorial

The document contains a series of assembly language tutorials for the 8086 microprocessor, covering various programming tasks such as summing natural numbers, converting lowercase vowels to uppercase, counting vowels and words in a string, and displaying text on the screen. Each tutorial includes a title, code structure, and comments indicating the purpose of the code. The document is compiled by Er. Hari Aryal and includes multiple example programs demonstrating different functionalities.

Uploaded by

myhughjadic
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Tutorial – 2 (ALP 8086)

Microprocessor (BCT/BEX/BEL II / II)

TITLE (1) THE ADDITION OF A 100 NATUAL EVEN NUMBERS


[SUM = n (n+1)]

.MODEL SMALL
.STACK
.DATA
TEN DW 10
.CODE
MAIN PROC FAR
MOV AX,@DATA
MOV DS, AX

MOV CX, 63H


MOV AX, 02H
MOV DX, 04H
L1: ADD AX, DX
ADD DX, 02H
LOOP L1
L2: MOV DX, 0000
DIV TEN
INC CX
ADD DX, 30H
PUSH DX
CMP AX, 00
JE L3
JMP L2
L3: POP DX
MOV AH, 02H
INT 21H
LOOP L3
MOV AX, 4C00H
INT 21H
MAIN ENDP
END MAIN

1
Compiled By: Er. Hari Aryal Email: haryal@[Link]
TITLE (2) TO CONVERT THE LOWER CASE VOWELS TO UPPER CASE

.MODEL SMALL
.STACK 64
.DATA
MAXLEN DB 100
ACTCHAR Db ?
STR DB 100 DUP('$')
VL DB "aeiou",'$'
STR1 DB "CONVERTED STRING IS: ", 0DH, 0AH, '$'
STR2 DB "ENTER THE STRING: ", 0DH, 0AH, '$'
.CODE
MAIN PROC FAR
MOV AX,@DATA
MOV DS, AX

LEA DX, STR2


MOV AH, 09H
INT 21H

LEA DX, MAXLEN


MOV AH, 0AH
INT 21H

MOV AH, 02
MOV DL, 0AH
INT 21H
MOV DL, 0DH
INT 21H
MOV CH, 00H
MOV CL, ACTCHAR
MOV DI, 00
L2: MOV SI, 0006H
L1: MOV AL, STR [DI]
CMP AL, VL [SI]
JNZ L3
CMP AL, 'a'
JB L3
CMP AL, 'z'
JA L3
SUB AL, 20H
MOV STR [DI], AL
L3: SUB SI, 01
JNZ L1
INC DI
LOOP L2

LEA DX, STR1


2
Compiled By: Er. Hari Aryal Email: haryal@[Link]
MOV AH, 09H
INT 21H

LEA DX, STR


MOV AH, 09H
INT 21H

MOV AX, 4C00H


INT 21H
MAIN ENDP
END MAIN

TITLE (3) TO COUNT THE NUMBER OF VOWELS IN THE ENTERED


STRING.

.MODEL SMALL
.STACK 64
.DATA
MAXLEN Db 100
ACTCHAR Db ?
STR DB 100 DUP('$')
VL DB "AEIOUaeiou",'$'
STR1 DB "NO. OF VOWELS IS ",'$'
.CODE
MAIN PROC FAR
MOV AX,@DATA
MOV DS, AX
MOV CX, 00
MOV DI, 00
MOV AX, 00
LEA DX, MAXLEN
MOV AH, 0AH
INT 21H
MOV CH, 00H
MOV CL, ACTCHAR
MOV DX, 00
L2: MOV SI, 000BH
L1: MOV AL, VL [SI]
CMP AL, STR [DI]
JNZ L3

INC DH
CMP DH, 0AH
JB L3
MOV DH, 00
INC DL
3
Compiled By: Er. Hari Aryal Email: haryal@[Link]
L3: SUB SI, 01
JNZ L1
INC DI
LOOP L2

MOV BX, DX
MOV AH, 02H
MOV DL, 0AH
INT 21H
MOV DL, 0DH
INT 21H
LEA DX, STR1
MOV AH, 09H
INT 21H

MOV DX, bX
ADD DL, 30H
MOV AH, 02H
INT 21H

ADD DH, 30H


MOV DL, DH
MOV AH, 02H
INT 21H
MOV AX, 4C00H
INT 21H
MAIN ENDP
END MAIN

TITLE (4) TO DISPLAY TEXT AT MIDDLE OF THE SCREEN

.MODEL SMALL
.STACK 32
.DATA
PARALIST LABEL BYTE
MAXLEN DB 20
ACTLEN DB ?
KBNAME DB 21 DUP (' ')
PROMT DB "NAME?",'$'
.CODE
MAIN PROC FAR
MOV AX,@DATA
MOV DS, AX
MOV ES, AX
CALL SCREEN
4
Compiled By: Er. Hari Aryal Email: haryal@[Link]
A1: MOV DX, 00
CALL CURSOR
CALL INPUT
CALL SCREEN
CMP ACTLEN, 00
JE A2
CALL CENTER
CALL DISPLAY
JMP A1
A2: MOV AX, 4C00H
INT 21H
MAIN ENDP

SCREEN PROC NEAR


PUSH AX
PUSH BX
PUSH CX
PUSH DX
MOV AX, 0600H
MOV BH, 0C7H
MOV CX, 00
MOV DX, 184FH
INT 10H
POP DX
POP CX
POP BX
POP AX
RET
SCREEN ENDP

CURSOR PROC NEAR


PUSH AX
PUSH BX
PUSH DX
MOV AH, 02H
MOV BH, 00
INT 10H
POP DX
POP BX
POP AX
RET
CURSOR ENDP

DISPLAY PROC NEAR


PUSH AX
PUSH DX
MOV AH, 09H
LEA DX, KBNAME
5
Compiled By: Er. Hari Aryal Email: haryal@[Link]
INT 21H
POP DX
POP AX
RET
DISPLAY ENDP

INPUT PROC NEAR


PUSH AX
PUSH DX
MOV AH, 09H
LEA DX, PROMT
INT 21H
MOV AH, 0AH
LEA DX, MAXLEN; PARALIST
INT 21H
POP DX
POP AX
RET
INPUT ENDP

CENTER PROC NEAR


MOV BL, ACTLEN
MOV BH, 00
MOV KBNAME [BX], 0DH
MOV KBNAME [BX+1], 0AH
MOV KBNAME [BX+2],'$'
MOV DL, ACTLEN
SHR DL, 1
NEG DL
ADD DL, 40
MOV DH, 12
CALL CURSOR
RET
CENTER ENDP

END MAIN

TITLE (5) TO DISPLAY WORDS OF THE SENTENCE IN SEPARATE LINES

DISPLAY MACRO MMM


MOV AH, 2
MOV DL, MMM
INT 21H
ENDM
DISPLAYS MACRO MM
MOV AH, 9
LEA DX, MM
6
Compiled By: Er. Hari Aryal Email: haryal@[Link]
INT 21H
ENDM
READS MACRO DDD
MOV AH, 0AH
LEA DX, DDD
INT 21H
ENDM
INIT MACRO
MOV AX,@DATA
MOV DS, AX
MOV ES, AX
ENDM
NEXTLINE MACRO
MOV AH, 02
MOV DL, 0AH
INT 21H
MOV AH, 02
MOV DL, 0DH
INT 21H
ENDM
FINISH MACRO
MOV AX, 4C00H
INT 21H
ENDM
; ------------------------------------------------------------------------

.MODEL
.STACK 64
.DATA
SR DB "ENTER THE STRING: ",'$'
MAXL DB 0feh
ACTL DB ?
STR DB 0ffh DUP(?)
.CODE
MAIN PROC FAR
INIT
NEXTLINE
DISPLAYS SR
NEXTLINE
READS MAXL
NEXTLINE
NEXTLINE

MOV BX, 00
MOV CL, ACTL
MOV CH, 00
L1: CMP STR [BX], 32
JNZ S1
7
Compiled By: Er. Hari Aryal Email: haryal@[Link]
CMP STR [BX+1], 32
JNZ S2
S3: INC BX
CMP CL, 01
JZ LL2
SUB CL, 01
LL2: CMP STR [BX], 32
JZ S3
DEC BX
S2: NEXTLINE
INC BX
S1: DISPLAY STR [BX]
INC BX
LOOP L1
NEXTLINE
FINISH
MAIN ENDP
END MAIN

TITLE (6) TO COUNT THE NUMBER OF WORDS PRESENTED IN THE


ENTERED SENTENCE.

.MODEL SMALL
.STACK 64
.DATA
MAXLEN Db 100
ACTCHAR Db ?
STR DB 101 DUP('$')
STR1 DB "NO. OF WORDS IS ",'$'
.CODE
MAIN PROC FAR
MOV AX, @DATA
MOV DS, AX
MOV CX, 00
MOV BX, 00
MOV AX, 00
LEA DX, MAXLEN
MOV AH, 0AH
INT 21H

MOV CH, 00H


MOV Cl, ACTCHAR
MOV DX, 0100H
CMP STR [0], ' '
JNZ L1
SUB DH, 01
8
Compiled By: Er. Hari Aryal Email: haryal@[Link]
L1: CMP STR [BX], ' '
JNZ L3
L2: INC BX
DEC CX
CMP STR [BX], ' '
JZ l2
INC DH
CMP DH, 0AH
JB L3
MOV DH, 00
INC DL
L3: INC BX
LOOP L1
CMP STR [BX-1], ' '
JNZ L4
SUB DH, 01
JNC L4
SUB DL, 01
ADD DH, 0AH

L4: MOV BX, DX


MOV AH, 02H
MOV DL, 0AH
INT 21H
MOV DL, 0DH
INT 21H
LEA DX, STR1
MOV AH, 09H
INT 21H

MOV DX, BX
ADD DL, 30H
MOV AH, 02H
INT 21H
ADD DH, 30H
MOV DL, DH
MOV AH, 02H
INT 21H
MOV AX, 4C00H
INT 21H
MAIN ENDP
END MAIN

9
Compiled By: Er. Hari Aryal Email: haryal@[Link]
TITLE (7) TO GET NUMBER FROM THE USER AND SUM THE ODD
NUMBERS FROM 1 TO NTH TERM AND DISPLAY SUM. [SUM = n2]

.MODEL SMALL
.STACK
.DATA
TEN DW 0010
TIN DW 0000
SUM DW 0000
.CODE
MAIN PROC FAR
MOV AX,@DATA
MOV DS, AX
MOV DX, 0000
L4: MOV AH, 01H
INT 21H
CMP AL, 0DH ; COMPARE WITH ENTER
JE L5
SUB AL, 30H
MOV AH, 00
MOV TIN, AX
MOV AX, SUM
MUL TEN
ADD AX, TIN
MOV SUM, AX
JMP L4
L5: MOV CX, SUM
MOV AX, 00H
MOV DX, 01H
L1: ADD AX, DX
ADD DX, 02H
LOOP L1
L2: MOV DX, 00
DIV TEN
INC CX
PUSH DX
CMP AX, 00
JNE L2
MOV AH, 02H
MOV DL, 0DH
INT 21H
MOV DL, 0AH
INT 21H

10
Compiled By: Er. Hari Aryal Email: haryal@[Link]
L3: POP DX
ADD DX, 30H ; ADD DX, 48
INT 21H
LOOP L3
MOV AX, 4C00H
INT 21H
MAIN ENDP
END MAIN

TITLE (8) ADDITION OF NUMBERS FROM 1 TO N, WHERE N BEING


ENETRED NUMBER BY USER HAVING 3 DIGITS.

DISPLAY MACRO MMM


MOV AX, MMM
MOV CX, 00
MOV BX, 0AH
SS1: MOV DX, 00
DIV BX
PUSH DX
INC CX
CMP AX, 00
JNZ SS1
SS2: POP DX
ADD DL, 30H
MOV AH, 02H
INT 21H
LOOP SS2
ENDM

DISPLAYS MACRO MM
MOV AH, 09H
LEA DX, MM
INT 21H
ENDM

READ MACRO
MOV CX, 03
LL1: MOV AH, 01
INT 21H
CMP AL, 0DH
JE LP
SUB AL, 30H
PUSH AX
MOV AL, 10
MUL NUM
MOV NUM, AL
11
Compiled By: Er. Hari Aryal Email: haryal@[Link]
POP AX
ADD NUM, AL
INC COUNT
LP: LOOPNE LL1
ENDM

INIT MACRO
MOV AX,@DATA
MOV DS, AX
MOV ES, AX
ENDM

NEXTLINE MACRO
MOV AH, 02
MOV DL, 0AH
INT 21H
MOV AH, 02
MOV DL, 0DH
INT 21H
ENDM

FINISH MACRO
MOV AX, 4C00H
INT 21H
ENDM
; ------------------------------------------------------------------------

.MODEL SMALL
.STACK 64
.DATA
STR DB "ENTER THE THREE NUMBERS: (LESS THAN 256 ) : ",'$'
STR1 DB "THE SUM UPTO THE NUMBER IS: $"
NUM DB 0
COUNT DB 0
SUM DW ?
.CODE
START PROC FAR
INIT
DISPLAYS STR
READ
NEXTLINE
MOV CH, 00
MOV CL, NUM
MOV AX, 00

12
Compiled By: Er. Hari Aryal Email: haryal@[Link]
S1: ADD AX, CX
LOOP S1
MOV SUM, AX
DISPLAYS STR1
DISPLAY SUM

FINISH
START ENDP
END START

TITLE (9) DISPLAY THE STRING AT THE MIDDLE OF THE SCREEN ONE
LETTER AT ONE LINE WITH BLUE FOREGROUNG AND WHITE
BACKGROUND.

.MODEL SMALL
.STACK 32
.DATA
MAXLEN DB 23
ACTLEN DB ?
STR1 DB 24 DUP('$')
.CODE
MAIN PROC FAR
MOV AX,@DATA
MOV DS, AX
MOV ES, AX

MOV AH, 0AH


LEA DX, MAXLEN
INT 21H

MOV AX, 0600H


MOV BH, 71H
MOV CX, 00
MOV DX, 184FH
INT 10H

MOV BX, 00
MOV CH, 00
MOV CL, ACTLEN

MOV AL, 24
SUB AL, ACTLEN
SHR AL, 01
MOV DH, AL

13
Compiled By: Er. Hari Aryal Email: haryal@[Link]
L1: MOV AH, 02H
MOV BH, 00
MOV DL, 40
INT 10H

MOV DL, STR1 [BX]


MOV AH, 02
INT 21H

INC DH
INC BX
LOOP L1

MOV AX, 4C00H


INT 21H
MAIN ENDP
END MAIN

TITLE (10) SORTING ARRAYS OF NUMBERS AND DISPLAY EACH


NUMBER IN SEPARATE LINE

SWAP MACRO N1, N2


MOV AL, N1
MOV AH, N2
MOV N1, AH
MOV N2, AL
MOV BX, 01
ENDM

NEXTLINE MACRO
MOV AH, 02
MOV DL, 0AH
INT 21H
MOV DL, 0DH
INT 21H
ENDM

DISPLAY MACRO NUMB


MOV Al,NUMB
MOV AH, 00
MOV BL, 10H
DIV BL
MOV DL, AL
MOV DH, AH
CMP DL, 0AH
JB L1
ADD DL, 07
14
Compiled By: Er. Hari Aryal Email: haryal@[Link]
L1: ADD DL, 30H
MOV AH, 02
INT 21H
MOV DL, DH
CMP DL, 0AH
JB L2
ADD DL, 07
L2: ADD DL, 30H
MOV AH, 02
INT 21H
ENDM
;----------------------------------------------------------------------
.MODEL SMALL
.STACK 64
.DATA
NUM DB 99H,98H,88H,77H,66H,55H,44H,33H,22H,11H
STR DB "AFTER SORTINGS:$"
.CODE
MAIN PROC FAR
MOV AX,@DATA
MOV DS, AX
S3: MOV CX, 10
MOV BX, 00
MOV SI, 00
S2: MOV AH, NUM [SI]
CMP AH, NUM [SI+1]
JB S1
JE S1
SWAP NUM [SI], NUM [SI+1]
S1: INC SI
LOOP S2
CMP BX, 00
JNZ S3
LEA DX, STR
MOV AH, 09
INT 21H
NEXTLINE
MOV CX, 10
MOV SI, 00
SSS: DISPLAY NUM [SI]
NEXTLINE
INC SI
LOOP SSS

MOV AX, 4C00H


INT 21H
MAIN ENDP
END MAIN
15
Compiled By: Er. Hari Aryal Email: haryal@[Link]

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