Understanding Radication and Roots
Uploaded by
ScribdTranslationsUnderstanding Radication and Roots
Uploaded by
ScribdTranslationsWhat is Radication?
Radicalization is the mathematical operation that allows us to find the root of
a number. The symbol that marks this operation is '√'.
You must remember that the opposite of addition is subtraction and that the opposite
from multiplication is division.
In the same way, root extraction is the operation opposite to exponentiation. Therefore, it is
It is necessary for you to know exponentiation before reading this article!
Just to recap, let's remember that exponentiation is defined as:
Exponentiation is an operation used to multiply several numbers.
equal, that is, when we want to multiply a number several times by
itself. The digit to be multiplied is the base and the quantity of
is indicated in the exponent.
Se aradiciação é o contrário, entãodefinimos que:
Radication is an operation in which we discover what the number was.
multiplied and how many times, to reach the number that has already been given to us
Radication is used to answer questions like: "What is the number that
multiplied by itself 3 times results in 125? By trial, we can
discover that it is the number 5, but there is a way to represent this in powers and
roots.
Radical Symbol and reading of
operation
1
To indicate root extraction, we use the symbol above, namely:
n is called an index, it indicates how many times the number we are
searched was multiplied by itself
X is called the root, it indicates the result of the exponentiation done.
it is usually the number that has already been given to us.
Y is the result, the number we are looking for and which was the old base of
exponentiation performed.
Now let's see how we do the reading of this operation:
²√64 → we say 'square root of 64'. Therefore, whenever the index of the root is 2,
we will say it's squared. The square root is the most common, so it can come
represented only with the square root symbol '√', without the explicit index '2'.
³√8 → we read it as 'the cubic root of 8'. Therefore, whenever the index is 3, we will say that
cubical.
²³√564 → we say 'twenty-third root of 564'. From index 4 onwards, there is none.
specific names, we only say the ordinal number: fourth root, fifth root,
etc.
Examples of rooting
If we take the power 4³, we know that 4³ = 4 x 4 x 4 and that its result
is equal to 64. To perform the opposite operation, we need to give the root.
It is written like this:
³√64 = 4
When we say the cube root of 64, we are looking for a number that was
multiplied by itself 3 times and the result is 64.
So, we can see that 64 has a cubic root of 4.
If we want to find the square root of 64, we are looking for a
number that was multiplied by itself 2 times and resulted in 64.
Just observe the power 8² = 8 x 8 = 64. So, we can say that:
²√64 = 8
Important!
A number has an exact root when the result of the rooting is a number.
integer(without decimal places).
Did you notice that the number 64 has exact square and cube roots, but
It is not always like this. Some numbers may have only one of those roots.
exact.
Don't worry when an exact root appears! The teachers
Do they usually provide these values in writing or allow the use of a calculator?
to find them.
2
How to calculate a root?
(Factoring)
So far everything has been very easy because we had the power written and
it was enough to transform it into the opposite.
But what to do when we are asked for the square root of a number and not
we will know the power?
In this case, we make thefactoringof the number!
In this process, we take the value and divide it and its results by the
the smallest prime numbers that we can get, until we reach 1.
See:
Example 1: determine the square root
of 144
To calculate √144 without using a power, we need to factor. Note that
image above!
Now that it is factored, we need to see which numbers repeat in
groups of 2 (pairs). This is because the root is square (index 2).
Finally, we see that there are 2 pairs of the number '2' and 1 pair of the number '3'.
With this, we will multiply the formed pairs: 2 x 2 x 3 = 12.
3
The result was 12, so we know that the square root of 144 is 12!
Example 2: determine the cube root of 8
To calculate the cube root of 8 without using an exponent, we need to factor (image above).
Now that it is factored, we need to see which numbers repeat in
groups of 3 (trio). This is because the root is cubic (index 3).
Finally, we see that there is only 1 trio of number '2'
With that, there is no one to multiply, there is only this triplet worth.
2
The result was 2, so we know that the cube root of 8 is 2!
3rd Example: determine the square root
from 200
4
To calculate √200 without using an exponent, we need to factor (image above).
Now that it is factored, we need to see which numbers repeat in
pairs, for the root is square (index 2).
Finally, we see that there is 1 pair of the number '5', 1 pair of the number '2' and there is a remainder.
a "2" without a pair.
With that, we will only multiply the formed pairs, while what was left
the pair must remain within the root.
5 x 2 = 10.
The result was 10 outside the square root and a 2 inside the square root. So we know that
The square root of 200 is 10√2!
√2 is not an exact root, so we can't find it now. If you can
usar calculadora ou o professor te der o valor dela, basta multiplicar pelo 10 que
it is outside the root. If not, write it this way above!
The 6 properties of
radication (examples)
Mathematical properties are 'shortcuts' that we can take to get there.
to the result. They are deductionslogicsthat, if we decorate, it's just to take a look and
write the result. It saves us the work of solving an equation!
See what the properties of radicals are:
5
The root of a number n raised to n is
equal to this same number.
2 ° The index and the exponent of the radicand
they can be multiplied or divided
by the same number, without harming the
result.
6
3 ° To take the root of a root,
just multiply your indices.
4° In multiplication or division with
radicals of the same index is realized
operation with the radicands and maintains-
if the index of the radical.
Every radical can be written in
power form.
7
The power of the root can be
transformed in the exponent of the radicand
so that the root can be found.
Operations with radicals or
roots
8
It is possible to have some numerical expression that contains the 4 operations.
basic operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division) among roots. To know
how to solve, see the following examples!
Remember: if there happens to be a root in the denominator of a number,
we will need to do therationalization of the fraction!
Addition and Subtraction
The rule for adding or subtracting begins by identifying what the degree of
similarity between the radicals, that is, they have equal index and radicand.
It may be that the given radicals are not 'clean', that is, we will need to
de-simplify them before anything else. It is only after the simplification that we will see
in which case does it fall!
1st case - Similar radicals
To add or subtract similar radicals, we must repeat the radical and
add or subtract your coefficients.
2nd case – Radicals are not similar
We calculate the values of the radicals individually and then perform the sum.
or subtraction, if possible.
9
Multiplication and Division
The rule for multiplication and division also starts by identifying what the
degree of similarity between the radicals.
It may also be necessary to simplify them first, but you will.
identify on the spot when faced with these issues.
1st case – Radicals with the same index
When this happens, just repeat the root and perform the operation with the
radicals.
2nd case – Radicals with different indices
Here, we need to first reduce to reach the same index, then carry out.
the operation with the radicands.
10
11
