DSE–1 Practical: Unix Programming Lab 1.

Write a shell
script to check if the number entered at the command
line is prime or not.
#!/bin/bash

# Check if number is entered

if [ -z "$1" ]; then
echo "Please enter a number!"
exit 1
fi

num=$1
flag=0

# 0 and 1 are not prime

if [ $num -le 1 ]; then
echo "$num is NOT a prime number"
 exit 0
fi

# Check divisibility
for ((i=2; i<=num/2; i++))
do
if [ $((num % i)) -eq 0 ]; then
flag=1
break
fi
done

if [ $flag -eq 1 ]; then

echo "$num is NOT a prime number"
else
echo "$num is a PRIME number"
fi
Input:
./[Link] 17
Output:
17 is a PRIME number

[Link] a shell script to modify “cal” command to

display calendars of the specified months.
With op
#!/bin/bash

# Check at least one month is entered

if [ $# -lt 1 ]; then
echo "Usage: $0 month [month ...] [year]"
exit 1
fi

# Default year = current year

year=$(date +%Y)

# If last argument is a 4-digit number → treat it as year

last=${!#}
if [[ $last =~ ^[0-9]{4}$ ]]; then
year=$last
# Reduce argument count (ignore last year argument)
set -- "${@:1:$(($#-1))}"
fi

# Loop through all months entered

for m in "$@"
do
echo "------------------------------"
echo " Calendar for $m / $year"
echo "------------------------------"
cal $m $year
 echo
done

Input
./[Link] 3
Output
------------------------------
Calendar for 3 / 2025
------------------------------
March 2025
Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa
1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15
16 17 18 19 20 21 22
23 24 25 26 27 28 29
30 31
3. Write a shell script to modify “cal” command to
display calendars of the specified range of
months.
#!/bin/bash

# Check if 2 arguments are given

if [ $# -ne 2 ]; then
echo "Usage: $0 start_month end_month"
exit 1
fi

start=$1
end=$2
year=$(date +%Y)

# Validate months
if [ $start -lt 1 ] || [ $start -gt 12 ] || [ $end -lt 1 ] || [
$end -gt 12 ]; then
echo "Months must be between 1 and 12."
exit 1
fi

if [ $start -gt $end ]; then

 echo "Start month should be less than or equal to end
month."
exit 1
fi

# Display calendars
for ((m=start; m<=end; m++))
do
echo "---------------------------------------"
echo " Calendar for Month $m, $year"
echo "---------------------------------------"
cal $m $year
echo
done

Input
./[Link] 3 5
Output
--------------------------------------
-
Calendar for Month 3, 2025
--------------------------------------
-
March 2025
Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa
1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15
16 17 18 19 20 21 22
23 24 25 26 27 28 29
30 31

--------------------------------------
-
Calendar for Month 4, 2025
--------------------------------------
-
April 2025
Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa
...

--------------------------------------
-
Calendar for Month 5, 2025
--------------------------------------
-
 May 2025
Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa

[Link] a shell script to accept a login name. If not a

valid login name display message
“Entered login name is invalid”.
#!/bin/bash

echo -n "Enter login name: "

read uname

# Check if user exists in /etc/passwd

grep "^$uname:" /etc/passwd > /dev/null

if [ $? -eq 0 ]
then
echo "Valid login name."
else
echo "Entered login name is invalid."
Fi

Input
Enter login name: root
Output
Valid login name.

5. Write a shell script to display date in the mm/ dd/ yy

format.
#!/bin/bash

# Display date in mm/dd/yy format

date +"%m/%d/%y"
./[Link]
Output
swift
Copy code
03/08/25
6. Write a shell script to display on the screen sorted
output of “who” command along with
the total number of users.
Output
Sorted list of logged-in users:
adarsha tty2 2025-03-08 10:15
root pts/0 2025-03-08 10:16
student pts/1 2025-03-08 10:20

Total number of users logged in: 3

7. Write a shell script to display the multiplication table
of any number.
#!/bin/bash

echo -n "Enter a number: "

read num
echo "Multiplication Table of $num"
for ((i=1; i<=10; i++))
do
echo "$num x $i = $((num * i))"
done

Output
Enter a number: 7
Multiplication Table of 7
7 x 1 = 7
7 x 2 = 14
7 x 3 = 21
7 x 4 = 28
7 x 5 = 35
7 x 6 = 42
7 x 7 = 49
7 x 8 = 56
7 x 9 = 63
7 x 10 = 70

8. Write a shell script to compare two files and if found

equal asks the user to delete the
duplicate file
#!/bin/bash

echo -n "Enter first filename: "

read file1

echo -n "Enter second filename: "

read file2

# Check if both files exist

if [ ! -f "$file1" ] || [ ! -f "$file2" ]; then
echo "One or both files do not exist."
exit 1
fi

# Compare files
cmp -s "$file1" "$file2"
if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
echo "Files are equal."

echo -n "Do you want to delete the duplicate file

$file2? (y/n): "
read ans

if [ "$ans" = "y" ] || [ "$ans" = "Y" ]; then

rm "$file2"
echo "$file2 deleted."
else
echo "File not deleted."
fi
else
echo "Files are NOT equal."
Fi
Input
Enter first filename: [Link]
Enter second filename: [Link]
Output
Files are equal.
Do you want to delete the duplicate
file [Link]? (y/n): y
[Link] deleted.

9. Write a shell script to find the sum of digits of a given

number.
#!/bin/bash

echo -n "Enter a number: "

read num

sum=0
n=$num
while [ $n -gt 0 ]
do
digit=$(( n % 10 )) # Get last digit
sum=$(( sum + digit ))
n=$(( n / 10 )) # Remove last digit
done

echo "Sum of digits of $num = $sum"

Output
Enter a number: 548
Sum of digits of 548 = 17

10. Write a shell script to merge the contents of three

files, sort the contents and then display
them page by page.
#!/bin/bash

echo -n "Enter first filename: "

read f1

echo -n "Enter second filename: "

read f2

echo -n "Enter third filename: "

read f3

# Check if all files exist

if [ ! -f "$f1" ] || [ ! -f "$f2" ] || [ ! -f "$f3" ]; then
echo "One or more files do not exist."
exit 1
fi

# Merge, sort, and display page by page

cat "$f1" "$f2" "$f3" | sort | more
Input Files

[Link]
banana
apple
cat
[Link]
dog
apple
zebra
[Link]
lion
ball
cat

Output
apple
apple
banana
ball
cat
cat
dog
lion
zebra

11. Write a shell script to find the LCD (least common

divisor) of two numbers.
#!/bin/bash

echo -n "Enter first number: "

read a

echo -n "Enter second number: "

read b

# Find the smaller number

if [ $a -lt $b ]; then
min=$a
else
 min=$b
fi

lcd=1

# Find the least common divisor

for ((i=2; i<=min; i++))
do
if [ $((a % i)) -eq 0 ] && [ $((b % i)) -eq 0 ]; then
lcd=$i
break
fi
done

echo "LCD of $a and $b = $lcd"

Input
Enter first number: 12
Enter second number: 18
Output
LCD of 12 and 18 = 2

12. Write a shell script to perform the tasks of basic

calculator.
#!/bin/bash

echo "===== BASIC CALCULATOR ====="

echo "1. Addition"
echo "2. Subtraction"
echo "3. Multiplication"
echo "4. Division"

echo -n "Enter your choice (1-4): "

read choice
echo -n "Enter first number: "
read a

echo -n "Enter second number: "

read b

case $choice in
1)
result=$((a + b))
echo "Result = $result"
;;
2)
result=$((a - b))
echo "Result = $result"
;;
3)
result=$((a * b))
 echo "Result = $result"
;;
4)
if [ $b -eq 0 ]; then
echo "Error: Division by zero not allowed!"
else
result=$(echo "scale=2; $a / $b" | bc)
echo "Result = $result"
fi
;;
*)
echo "Invalid choice!"
;;
Esac

Output
===== BASIC CALCULATOR =====
1. Addition
2. Subtraction
3. Multiplication
4. Division
Enter your choice (1-4): 3
Enter first number: 7
Enter second number: 8
Result = 56

13. Write a shell script to find the power of a given

number.
#!/bin/bash

echo -n "Enter base number: "

read base

echo -n "Enter exponent: "

read exp

result=1
for ((i=1; i<=exp; i++))
do
result=$(( result * base ))
done

echo "$base raised to the power $exp = $result"

Output
Enter base number: 5
Enter exponent: 3
5 raised to the power 3 = 125

14. Write a shell script to find the greatest number

among the three numbers.
#!/bin/bash

echo -n "Enter first number: "

read a
echo -n "Enter second number: "
read b

echo -n "Enter third number: "

read c

if [ $a -ge $b ] && [ $a -ge $c ]; then

echo "Greatest number is: $a"
elif [ $b -ge $a ] && [ $b -ge $c ]; then
echo "Greatest number is: $b"
else
echo "Greatest number is: $c"
fi

Output
Enter first number: 12
Enter second number: 45
Enter third number: 27
Greatest number is: 45
15. Write a shell script to find the factorial of a given
number.
#!/bin/bash

echo -n "Enter a number: "

read n

fact=1

for ((i=1; i<=n; i++))

do
fact=$((fact * i))
done

echo "Factorial of $n = $fact"

Output
Enter a number: 6
Factorial of 6 = 720

16. Write a shell script to check whether the number is

Armstrong or not.
#!/bin/bash

echo "Enter a number:"

read num

orig=$num
sum=0

while [ $num -gt 0 ]

do
digit=$(( num % 10 )) # extract digit
 cube=$(( digit * digit * digit )) # cube of digit
sum=$(( sum + cube ))
num=$(( num / 10 )) # remove last digit
done

if [ $sum -eq $orig ]

then
echo "$orig is an Armstrong number"
else
echo "$orig is NOT an Armstrong number"
fi

Output
Enter a number:
153
153 is an Armstrong number