PRACTICAL 3: THEVENIN, NORTON AND MAXIMUM POWER
TRANSFER
VERIFICATION OF THEVENIN’S THEOREM
Aim:
To verify Thevenin’s theorem and to find the full load current for the given circuit.
Apparatus Required:
[Link]. Apparatus Range Quantity
1 RPS (regulated power (0-30V) 2
supply)
2 Ammeter (0-10mA) 1
3 Resistors 1KΩ, 330Ω 3,1
4 Bread Board -- Required
5 DRB -- 1
Statement:
Any linear bilateral, active two terminal network can be replaced by a equivalent voltage source
(VTH). Thevenin’s voltage or VOC in series with looking pack resistance RTH.
Precautions:
1. Voltage control knob of RPS should be kept at minimum position.
2. Current control knob of RPS should be kept at maximum position
Procedure:
1. Connections are given as per the circuit diagram.
2. Set a particular value of voltage using RPS and note down the corresponding ammeter readings.
To find VTH
1. Remove the load resistance and measure the open circuit voltage using multimeter (VTH).
To find RTH
1. To find the Thevenin’s resistance, remove the RPS and short circuit it and find the RTH using
multimeter.
2. Give the connections for equivalent circuit and set VTH and RTH and note the corresponding
ammeter reading.
3. Verify Thevenins theorem.
NB: Please show the simulation graphs under results section on your report!!!!!
Theoretical, Simulation and Practical Values
E(V) VTH(V) RTH(Ω) IL (mA)
Circuit - I Equivalent Circuit
Theoretical
Practical
Simulation
VERIFICATION OF NORTON’S THEOREM
Aim:
To verify Norton’s theorem for the given circuit.
Apparatus Required:
[Link]. Apparatus Range Quantity
1 Ammeter (0-10mA) MC 1
(0-30mA) MC 1
2 Resistors 330, 1KΩ 3,1
3 RPS (0-30V) 2
4 Bread Board -- 1
5 Wires -- Required
Statement:
Any linear, bilateral, active two terminal network can be replaced by an equivalent current
source (IN) in parallel with Norton’s resistance (RN) Precautions:
1. Voltage control knob of RPS should be kept at minimum position.
2. Current control knob of RPS should be kept at maximum position.
Procedure:
1. Connections are given as per circuit diagram.
2. Set a particular value in RPS and note down the ammeter readings in the original circuit.
To Find IN:
3. Remove the load resistance and short circuit the terminals.
4. For the same RPS voltage note down the ammeter readings.
To Find RN:
5. Remove RPS and short circuit the terminal and remove the load and note down the resistance
across the two terminals.
Equivalent Circuit:
6. Set IN and RN and note down the ammeter readings. 7. Verify Norton’s theorem.
NB: Please show the simulation graphs under results section on your report!!!!!
Theoretical, Simularion and Practical Values
E(V) VN(V) RN(Ω) IL (mA)
Circuit - I Equivalent Circuit
Theoretical
Practical
Simulation
VERIFICATION OF MAXIMUM POWER TRANSFER
THEOREM
Aim:
To verify maximum power transfer theorem for the given circuit
Apparatus Required:
[Link]. Apparatus Range Quantity
1 RPS (0-30V) 1
2 Voltmeter (0-10V) MC 1
3 Resistor 1KΩ, 1.3KΩ, 3Ω 3
4 DRB -- 1
5 Bread Board & wires -- Required
Statement:
In a linear, bilateral circuit the maximum power will be transferred from source to the load when
load resistance is equal to source resistance.
Precautions:
1. Voltage control knob of RPS should be kept at minimum position.
2. Current control knob of RPS should be kept at maximum position.
Procedure:
Circuit – I
1. Connections are given as per the diagram and set a particular voltage in RPS.
2. Vary RL and note down the corresponding ammeter and voltmeter reading.
3. Repeat the procedure for different values of RL & Tabulate it.
4. Calculate the power for each value of RL.
To find VTH:
5. Remove the load, and determine the open circuit voltage using multimeter (VTH)
To find RTH:
6. Remove the load and short circuit the voltage source (RPS).
7. Find the looking back resistance (RTH) using multimeter.
Equivalent Circuit:
8. Set VTH using RPS and RTH using DRB and note down the ammeter reading. 9. Calculate the
power delivered to the load (RL = RTH)
10. Verify maximum transfer theorem.
NB: Please show the simulation graphs under results section on your report!!!!!
VTH (V) RTH (Ω) IL (mA) P (milli watts)
Theoretical
Value
Simulation
Value
Practical
Value
