Chapter-1.
Introduction to Computer
Course Details:-
DCA: - Diploma in Computer Application.
CFA (Tally):-Certificate in Financial Accounting.
ADCA: - Advance Diploma in Computer Application.
DTP :- Desk top Publishing
Mr. Charls Babbage was known as the father of Modern Computer.
Q. Which is the first computer in India
Ans Sidharth
Q. Which is the First Super Computer in the World.
Ans Cray-1
Q. Which is the first super computer in India?
Ans Param Padma or Param
Q. Which is the first computer in World.
Ans-ENIAC
Role of computer
Now a days, computer are used in every field of life, e.g.
in an ATM, a railway reservation system, Banking, online
Education or a mobile phone, computer are used. The type
of computer used at home or office is for more general
purpose. A computer can perform any task provided it is
given appropriate instructions.
Definition of Computer: -
Computer is an electronic device which takes
input from the user performs calculation and
give out the result.
or
A Computer is an electronics device which has a memory and
data storage capacity with a processer to process.
There are three parts of Computer System
Input(data)
Input is the information entered into a computer from help
of letters, numbers, image etc.
Ex- Mouse, keyboard, Scanner etc.
Process
Process is the operation of data as per given instruction. It
is totally internal process of the computer system.
Ex- CPU Central Processing Unit
Output
Output is the processed data given by computer after
data processing. Output is also called as result. We can save
these results in the storage devices for the future use.
Ex- Monitor, Printer, Projector, Speaker etc.
Computer Full-Form:-
C = commonly lkekU; :Ik ls
O = Operative pykus ;ksX;
M = Machine ;a=
P = particular eq[; :i ls
U = Use of iz;ksx
T = Trade O;olk; esa
E = Education i<kbZ esa
R = Research [kkst esa
Data:- Data is a collection of numbers, characters, pictures,
sound & symbols are entered into a computer system, using
input device is called “Data”.
As, Characters: - a, b, c ……. Z etc.
Numbers: - 0, 1, 2, 3 … etc.
Symbols: - +, -, *, @, #, etc.
Note:- @ at the rate of ( ds izfr )
Information: -The processed of data is called information.
Or,
Which result given by computer after processing is called information.
BASIC ORGANISATION OF COMPUTER SYSTEMS
Monitor: - It is an output device of computer system which
is used to display the results or information of data process.
Keyboard: - keyboard is an input device of computer
system. Which is use to enter the data into the computer.
The keyboard has five different types of keys:
1. Alphabet keys
2. Numeric keys
3. Functions keys
4. Cursor control keys
5. Special keys
i. Caps lock key
ii. Num Lock Key
iii. Shift Key
iv. Enter Key
v. Space Bar Key
vi. Tab Key
vii. Escape Key (Esc)
viii. Back Space Key
ix. Delete Key
x. Control Key
xi. Pause key
xii. Modifier key
1. Alphabet Keys- A keyboard has 26 alphabet keys from
A to Z. We can type any text or word with the help of
these Keys.
2. Numeric Keys- these keys are used for typing
numbers. They are also called number keys. They are
marked with digit 0 to 9.
3. Function Keys- These keys are placed on the top of
the keyboard. They are marked ‘ F1’ to ‘F12’ and are
Twelve in numbers.
4. Cursor control keys- these keys are used for moving
the cursor in the text that has already been entered
on the monitor. They are also called arrow keys.
5. Special keys-some of the special keys present on a
keyboard are:
i. Caps Lock Key- This key is used to type the letters
of the alphabet in capital letter or small letter. This
key is placed on the left side of the Keyboard.
ii. Num Lock Key-This is a short form for numeric lock
or number lock. This key is used to enable and
disable the numeric keypad. This key is placed on
the right side of the keyboard in the numeric
keypad.
iii. Shift key- this key is used in combination with other
[Link] this is also called combination key. There
are two shift keys on keyboard. This key allows a
user to type characters, either upper or lower case,
and number to symbol.
iv. Enter Key- This key is also known as return key.
This is typically to finish an entry and begin the
desired process, and is usually, an alternative to
pressing an OK button. We put information’s into
the computer by pressing Enter Key.
v. Space Bar Key- This is the longest key on the
keyboard. It is used to insert blank space between
two words or anywhere in the text where needed.
vi. Tab key- tab key is abbreviation of tabulator key it
is used to advance cursor to the next tab stop.
vii. Escape key (Esc)-it is a powerful key placed on a
keyboard that allows a user to cancel or abort
opera-tions, which he is executing at present and
lets exit a program when pressed. Such as slide-
show in power point, opening animation on web
page is stopped by using this key.
viii. Back Space key- this key is used to erase anything
typed on the left side of the cursor.
ix. Delete key- This key is used to erase selected word,
line, image, page and file etc.
x. Control key (ctrl)- this key is used in combination
with other keys. When it is pressed in combination
with another key. It performs a special operation.
xi. Pause key- this key is commonly placed near the
top right of a keyboard. The pause key is commonly
used t temporarily stop the game.
xii. Modifier key- Alt, Ctrl and Shift keys on the
keyboard, that are only used in combination with
another key, are modifier keys.
Key/Name Symbol
Tilde ~
Push `
Exclamation point !
At sing @
Pound Sing #
Dollar Sing $
Percent %
Caret ^
And Sing &
Asterisk, Star sing *
Open or left parenthesis (
Close or right parenthesis )
Hyphen -
Underscore _
Plus sing +
Equal =
Open brace or curly bracket {
Close brace or curly bracket }
Open bracket [
Closed bracket ]
Pipe or Vertical bar |
Backslash \
Forward slash /
Colon :
Semicolon ;
Quote, Inverted commas “
Single Quote ‘
Less than or angle bracket <
Greater than or angle >
bracket
Comma ,
Dot or Full stop .
Question mark ?
Mouse: - Mouse is an input device which is used to
pointing & drawing in computer.
Printer:- Printer is a hard copy output device that gives result on
paper. It gives permanently result on paper so, we called printer is
hardcopy output device.
Printing wise we divide into three parts
A. Character wise printer (Dot matrix printer)
B. Line wise printer (Inkjet printer)
C. Paper wise printer (Laser printer/plotter)
CPU (Central Processing Unit):- CPU is a head / chief part
of computer system. Which is used to process the
entered data? It is also known as the brain of
Computer.
Structure of computer system
Computer
Hardware Software
What is difference between Hardware & Software?
Software: - Software is that give instruction in drive a program
and package. Software can’t touch and see but can feel only.
For Example MS-Paint, Word, Excel, Power Point, typing etc…
There are two types of software
software
system application
software software
(i) System software:- Allows us to work with the
computer.
Ex- windows-Xp , windows-7,8,10, Unix etc.
(ii) Application software:- Set of programs written to
perform specific tasks.
Ex- Ms-office, Photoshop, tally, typing etc.
Hardware: - Hardware is that which is can see, feel & touch any
part of computer.
For Example Mouse, Keyboard, Printer, Monitor etc…
What is difference between RAM & ROM ?
RAM(Random Access Memory):- It can be stored information
temporary and erased during a power failure. It can be increase
and decrease to requirement. It measuring unit is Megabyte
(MB).
There Are Two Types of RAM:
(i) SRAM:- ( Static random access memory)
(ii) DRAM:- ( Dynamic random access memory)
ROM (Read Only Memory):- It is permanent memory we can’t
increase. It will not be removed by power fail. It measuring unit
is Kilobyte (KB)
There Are three types of ROM:
(i) PROM:- (Programmable read only memory)
(ii) EPROM :-(Erasable programmable read only memory)
(iii) EEPROM :-( Electrically erasable programmable read
only memory)
Memory units
1 Bit 1 Nibble
1 Byte 8 Bits
8 bits 1 byte
1024 bytes 1 KB (kilobyte)
1024 kb 1 MB (Megabytes)
1024 MB 1 GB (gigabytes)
1024 GB 1 TB (Terabytes)
1024 TB 1 PB (Petabytes)
1024 PB 1 EB (Exabytes)
How to Start a Computer?
Turn on main power switch.
Turn on the cpu.
Turn on the monitor.
Turn on the all other powered devices
connected to the cpu (as- printer, speaker,
etc.)
Follow any one screen instruction and just
start playing with pc.
Switching off/ shutdown the computer.
Click on start button.
Then Click on shutdown.
Parts of Windows Screen.
Desktop: - After loading windows-7 or 8 the first screen appear
on the monitor, is called “Desktop”.
Icon: - An icon is a graphical object that shows a program of file
on your desktop is called “icon”.
Start Button: - The start button is a position at the left side of
taskbar .It is use to open the any application and shut-down the
computer.
Taskbar: - It is position can be changed. It is display the open
application. It contains start of the left side, right side; currently
in use will be display.
Mouse Pointer: - The arrow which move on the screen when
moving on the mouse. It is use to open & close any application,
is called mouse pointer.
Time Indicator:- The time indicator display the time. It will be
also display the currently system date and time.
Closing the application.
1. Click on the close button
2. Click on the file menu then click exit.
3. Press Alt+f4
4. Alt+F, X
5. Alt+space button, C
