CALCULATION:
REFERENCE FROM DESIGN LOADS (OTHER THAN EARTHQUAKE) FOR BUILDING AND STRUCTURES –
CODE FOR PRACTICE IS 875 (PART 3): 2015.
WIND DATA -
1. BASIC WIND SPEED Vb : 39m/s
2. TERRAIN CATEGORY: Open terrain having height generally between 1.5 m and 10 m.
This terrain corresponding to Terrain Category 2.
Design factors:
RISK COEFFICIENT FACTOR K1 = 1.0 ………….(IS:875 PT3, SEC 6.3.1 TABLE 1)
TERRAIN AND HEIGHT FACTOR K2 = 1.0 ………….(IS:875 PT3, SEC [Link] TABLE 2)
TOPOGRAPHY FACTOR K3 = 1.0 ………….(IS:875 PT3, SEC 6.3.3)
IMPORTANCE FACTOR FOR CYCLONIC REGIONK 4 = 1.0 ………….(IS:875 PT3, SEC 6.3.4)
WIND DIRECTIONALITY FACTOR Kd = 0.90 ……….(IS:875 PT3, SEC 7.2.1)
AREA AVERAGING FACTOR Ka = 1.0 …………(IS:875 PT3, SEC 7.2.2)
DESIGN WIND PRESSURE:
DESIGN WIND SPEED Vz = Vb X K1X K2 X K3 X K4 …………(IS:875 PT3, SEC 6.3)
= 39 X 1 X 1 X 1 X 1
= 39 m/s
WIND PRESSURE AT HEIGHT z ISPz = 0.6 (Vb)2…………(IS:875 PT3, SEC 7.2)
= 912.6 N/m2
NOW DESIGN WIND PRESSURE FOR ROOF Pd = Pz X Kd X Ka…………(IS:875 PT3, SEC 7.2)
= 912.6 X 0.90 X 1.0
= 821.34 N/m 2
NET PRESSURE COEFFICIENT –
Using the IS875 PT3 , table 8 with roof angle 130
CALCULATING SOLIDITY RATIO :
=Area of obstruction perpendicular to wind /
min. area under canopy perpendicular to wind
= (0.55*5.1)/( (3.2*5.2) tan 13")
= 0.74
assuming blockage =0.
For h/w = 1.8/3.2 = 0.56,
L/w =5.1/3.2 =1.59
pressure coefficients are tabulated below (through values are only given for L/w upto 3 )
and solidity ratio Ǿ = 0 (Cpe value)
Max. (largest +ve) overall coefficient = +0.6 positive pressure
Min . (Largest -ve) overall coefficient =-1.0 negative pressure
Positive pressure will acts towards the roof while negative internal pressure will be away from roof.
So, net design pressure coefficient +0.6 and -1.0.
So, Internal pressure coefficientCpi is taken as 0 due to four sides are open to atmosphere.
Wind load F = (Cpe - Cpi) X A X Pd………… (IS: 875 PT3, SEC 7.3.1)
Where, A = surface area of structural element
NOW FOR THE CASE OF X DIRECTION WIND DRAG.-
So net pressure coefficient is addition of external pressure coefficient which is equal to
(+0.6) + (-1.0) = -0.4
Pressure force in X direction
F = (0.4 X AREA OF PANEL X NO. OF PANELS X Pd) / NO. OF PURLIN ON ONE MODULE
= 0.4 X 1.978 X 0.992 X 10 X 821.34 / 4
= 1612 N ……for one purlin.
NOW FOR THE CASE OF (Z) DIRECTION WIND DRAG.-
FORCE ON COLUMN
F = 821.34 X FACE AREA OF COLUMN IN Z DIRECTION
= 821.34 X 0.1541(m2)
= 126.56 N ……..ON EACH FRONT FACE OF COLUMN.
FORCE ON RAFTER
F = 821.34 X FACE AREA OF RAFTER IN Z DIRECTION
= 821.34 X 0.43877(m2)
= 360.3 N ……..ON EACH FRONT FACE OF RAFTER.
FORCE ON SOLAR PANEL
F = 821.34 X FACE AREA OF SOLAR PANEL IN Z DIRECTION
= 821.34 X 0.011868(m2)
= 2.436N N ……..FOR ONE HOLE ON PURLIN IN Z DIR.
EIGENVALUE BUCKLING –
WE HAVE TAKEN COLUMN FOR ANALYSIS. AFTER TAKING FORCE REACTION AT COLUMN FROM EACH
LOAD CASE, MAXIMUM VALUE IN BETWEEN THESE REACTION FORCES TAKEN AS BOUNDRY CONDITION
FORCE FOR THE ANALYSIS.
SR NO LOAD CASE REACTION FORCE (N)
1 DEAD LOAD 3421.5
2 LIVE LOAD 5220.4
3 X DIR DRAG 7298.3
4 Z DIR DRAG 3786.4
5 LIVE LOAD ON ONE SIDE 4321.5
Imposed load on purlin –
75kg/sq.m 875 part 2 table 2
2kg reduction after 10degree slope
75-(3*2)=69kg/sq.m i.e 0.69kn/sq.m
THERMAL ANALYSIS -
Thermal coefficient of expansion is 4.4 x 10-6/ ⁰F …. ( ASTM D696 )
Allowable deflection for purlin and column is (SPAN / 150) and
(SPAN / 240)for vertical and lateral condition respectively….. ( IS 800-2007).
SO, ALLOWABLE DEFLECTION for purlin = 5060 / 150
= 33.7mm …. Vertical
ALLOWABLE DEFLECTION for column = 998.5 / 200
= 4.9 mm ….. Lateral
S – N CURVE –
LOAD TABLE –
SR CASE LOAD (N) APPLIED ON
NO.
1 DEAD LOAD 2800 + SELF WEIGHT OF APPLIED ALONG DIRECTION OF GRAVITY
ALL COMPONENTS
2 LIVE LOAD DEAD LOAD + 450 APPLIED ON BOLT LOCATIONS ON PURLINS
ALONG GRAVITY DIR.
3 X DIRECTION DEAD LOAD + 1612 APPLIED ON BOLT LOCATIONS ON PURLINS
DRAG ALONG X DIR.
APPLIED ON BOLT LOCATIONS OF PURLINS,
4 Z DIRECTION DEAD LOAD + 126.5 + 360.3 COLUMN AND RAFTER FACE ALONG Z DIR.
DRAG + 24.3
APPLIED ON 4 BOLT LOCATIONS ON ONE SIDE
5 LIVE LOAD ON DEAD LOAD + 450 OF PURLINS ALONG GRAVITY DIR.
EDGE SIDE
APPLIED ON COLUMN FACE ALONG
6 EIGENVALUE 7298.3 DIRECTION OF GRAVITY
BUCKLING
RESULT TABLE FOR 1D (LINE BODY) ANALYSIS –
SR NO. LOAD CASE DEFORMATION (mm) BENDING STRESS (MPa)
1 DEAD LOAD 15.92 23.61
2 LIVE LOAD 25.29 37.19
3 X DIRECTION DRAG 22.52 82.89
4 Z DIRECTION DRAG 16.91 49.6
5 LIVE LOAD ON EDGE SIDE 43.3 32.3
FATIGUE CALCULATIONS
WIND DATA -
1. AVERAGE WIND SPEED Vb : 4.4m/s
2. TERRAIN CATEGORY: Open terrain having height generally between 1.5 m and 10 m.
This terrain corresponding to Terrain Category 2.
Design factors:
RISK COEFFICIENT FACTOR K1 = 1.0 ………….(IS:875 PT3, SEC 6.3.1 TABLE 1)
TERRAIN AND HEIGHT FACTOR K2 = 1.0 ………….(IS:875 PT3, SEC [Link] TABLE 2)
TOPOGRAPHY FACTOR K3 = 1.0 ………….(IS:875 PT3, SEC 6.3.3)
IMPORTANCE FACTOR FOR CYCLONIC REGIONK 4 = 1.0 ………….(IS:875 PT3, SEC 6.3.4)
WIND DIRECTIONALITY FACTOR Kd = 0.90 ……….(IS:875 PT3, SEC 7.2.1)
AREA AVERAGING FACTOR Ka = 1.0 …………(IS:875 PT3, SEC 7.2.2)
DESIGN WIND PRESSURE:
DESIGN WIND SPEED Vz = Vb X K1X K2 X K3 X K4 …………(IS:875 PT3, SEC 6.3)
= 39 X 1 X 1 X 1 X 1
= 4.4 m/s
WIND PRESSURE AT HEIGHT z ISPz = 0.6 (Vb)2…………(IS:875 PT3, SEC 7.2)
= 11.6 N/m2
NOW DESIGN WIND PRESSURE FOR ROOF Pd = Pz X Kd X Ka…………(IS:875 PT3, SEC 7.2)
= 912.6 X 0.90 X 1.0
= 10.4N/m2
NET PRESSURE COEFFICIENT –
Using the IS875 PT3 , table 8 with roof angle 130 and solidity ratio Ǿ = 0 (Cpe value)
Max. (largest +ve) overall coefficient = +0.6 positive pressure
Max. (Largest -ve) overall coefficient = -1.0 negative pressure
Positive pressure will acts towards the roof while negative internal pressure will be away from roof.
So, net design pressure coefficient +0.6 and -1.0.
So, Internal pressure coefficient Cpi is taken as 0 due to four sides are open to atmosphere.
Wind load F = (Cpe - Cpi) X A X Pd………… (IS: 875 PT3, SEC 7.3.1)
Where, A = surface area of structural element
NOW FOR THE CASE OF X DIRECTION WIND DRAG.-
So net pressure coefficient is addition of external pressure coefficient which is equal to
(+0.6) + (-1.0) = - 0.4
Pressure force in X direction
F = (0.4 X AREA OF PANEL X NO. OF PANELS X Pd) / NO. OF PURLIN ON ONE MODULE
= 0.4 X 1.978 X 0.992 X 10 X 10.4 / 4
= 20.4 N ……for one purlin.
RESULT TABLE FOR 3D ANALYSIS –
Allowable
SR DEFORMATION Deflection ELEMENTAL MEAN
LOAD CASE Allowable
NO. (mm) (Ref. pg STRESS (MPa) Yield(MPa)
no. )
1 DEAD LOAD 7.1
53.1
2 LIVE LOAD 11.3
85.3
3 X DIRECTION DRAG 20.4
151.16 317.15
4 Z DIRECTION DRAG 16.8
33.7 55.7
5 LIVE LOAD ON EDGE SIDE 16.06
105.8
6 FATIGUE ANALYSIS 0.82
14
EIGENVALUE BUCKLING 317.15
7 0.18
(COLUMN) 11.6
Factor OF Safety for the structure under worst load( x direction drag) is 2.098
