TELECOMMUNICATION & NETWORKING
By- Robin Ganjoo
INTRODUCTION INTO NETWORK
“ although computers can be operated in stand-alone
mode, but to improve the performances of task /
output, it must be networked or communicate with
others “
Eg : Computer network at Interactive lab
INTRODUCTION INTO NETWORK
What is computer networking?
Computer networking is connecting a computer with
other computers or devices to enable them to
communicate with each other.
The collection & distribution of the electronics data
(bits) representation of information from remote
location.
This type of communication either via wired or unwired
medium
INTRODUCTION INTO NETWORK
What is computer networking?
The information can appear in variety formats (eg :
multimedia elements).
It can be :
• Computer devices or equipments
• Software
• Transmission media to send / control the data /
signals,
• Communication devices to transmit / send data from
sources to destinations
INTRODUCTION INTO NETWORK
Example?
Using RJ-45 UTP cable to make a connection into
Internet @ Laptop Zone
Communication Signal
Types of Signal In Data Transmission :
Analogue signal Eg: voice wave
Digital signal Binary codes (1 / 0)
INTRODUCTION INTO NETWORK
Types of basic computer networking based on geographic
coverage :
LAN – Local Area Network
WAN - Wide Area Network
Others?
MAN - Metropolitan Area Network
CAN – Campus Area Network
INTRODUCTION INTO NETWORK
Mind Activity
What the different between NETWORK & COVERAGE?
INTRODUCTION INTO NETWORK
Networking components can be categorize into :
Terminals, Workstations, Computers & other related
devices (eg : PC, laptop, server, printer)
Transmission Media (for transmitting data and control
signals) (eg : RJ-45 cable, Wifi UTM)
Terminal & Workstations
Normally refers to data sources and destinations.
Eg :
• Personal computers
• Terminals
• Workstations
• Computers
• Automatic teller machines
Transmission Media
The physical media used to transmit data in a
networked environment.
To Transmit signal / electrical pulse through a medium.
2 types : bounded / guided or unbounded / unguided
(wired) (unwired)
Transmission Media
Bounded Media Unbounded Media
(air or a vacuum)
- Twisted pair wire - AM & FM (Radio frequency)
- Co-axial cable - TV broadcasting
- Fiber optic cables - Satellite communication
- Microwave oven & radio
- Infrared signals
Network Electronic Devices
Devices that controls data transmission from sources to
destinations,
It also act as interface between different transmission
media or communication protocol
Network Electronic Devices
Network Electronic Devices. Example ;
- Bridges - Gateways
- Routers - Front End Processors
- Private Branch - Switches
- Hubs - Multiplexers
Using of Network
Resource sharing (information/data/devices)
borderless
No time constrain –accessible @ anytime @ anywhere
High reliability
Using of Network
Scalability
• Computer networks provide an effective mechanism
to scale up and provide services to more users at
more locations where needed and when needed.
Manageability
• Networks allow remote resources to be managed
effectively (eg., remote control of telescopes or
other resources).
Using of Network
Cost - Effectiveness
• Networks allow effective implementation of complex
distributed systems that must work together
(cooperate). Eg : combination of mainframes,
workstations, PC’s, networked storage & printers.
• Provide access to needed resources from anywhere
at anytime.
• Support collaborative group work independent of
location
Using of Network (Individual)
Database access
• Bank/ other institution
• Online shopping.
• Online News paper
• On line job/Telecommuting (e-services)
• Digital libraries.
Using of Network (Individual)
Online communication
• E-mail
• Video conferencing.
• New group / online forum / chat
• E-learning / virtual learning.
Using of Network (Individual)
Interactive entertainment.
• multimedia games.
• video on demand (VOD):
order movies or television shows of choice at
anytime from anywhere (IpTV)
interactive movies and shows
Flow of Network Communication
Communications network can provide many types of
service
Simplex One way all the time
Duplex Two way
• Half Duplex Two ways in Two times
• Full Duplex Two ways in One times
Multiplexing More than one device transmitted the
data through single line at the same time
Flow of Network Communication
1. Duplex links are classified as either full duplex or half
duplex (also known as two way alternate), depending
upon whether both local and remote nodes may
simultaneously transmit.
2. Whether one must wait for the other to finish before
starting transmission.
(A telephone line is capable of full duplex transmission,
although most human users choose to adopt a half
duplex procedure to listen to what the remote person
has to say)
Flow of Network Communication
3. (A telephone line is capable of full duplex transmission,
although most human users choose to adopt a half
duplex procedure to listen to what the remote person
has to say)
Networks Devices : Local Area Network
NIC (Network Interface Card) :
Media (Network cable)
Hub/Repeaters
Server
Workstations
Networks Devices : Local Area Network
Software :
NOS (Network operating Software) – Server
Eg : Windows NT 4.0, Windows Advance Server
NCS (Network Client Software) – Workstation
Eg : Windows XP, Windows ME
