Bricks
Prepared by:
Masmoudi nadia
PLAN
Introduction
What is bricks?
The basic composition of brick
Types of Bricks
Preparation of bricks
Tests on bricks
Uses of Bricks
Characteristic of usfel bricks
Advantages and disadvantades
2
Conclusion
Introduction
Bricks are one of the oldest known building materials dating back to
7000BC where they were first found in southern Turkey and around
Jericho. The first bricks were sun dried mud bricks. Fired bricks were
found to be more resistant to harsher weather conditions, which made
them a much more reliable brick for use in permanent buildings, where
mud bricks would not have been sufficient.
3
What is bricks ?
A brick is a block of a single unit of a ceramic material,
used in masonry construction. In general sense brick is a
standard sized weight bearing building structure. The
raw ingredients of bricks are sand , clay and water.
Basically it is one of the clay product. It is used as
substitute for stone , where stone is not available
4
The basic composition of brick
Alumina:
Should contain 20 to 30 %
Imparts plasticity
if present in excess raw bricks shrink and deforms during
drying and burning and becomes very hard on burning
5
Silica:
Should contain 50 to 60 %
Imparts uniform shape to the bricks prevents Cracking, shrinking, and
deform of raw bricks.
Excess destroys the cohesion between particles and brick becomes brittle
Lime:
Should not exceed
Prevents shrinkage of raw bricks.
excess Causes bricks to melt and hence the shape is lost.
6
Oxide Of Iron:
Desirable Quantity about 5 to 6 percent Imparts Red Color to the
Brick.
Excess makes brick dark blue or blackish and lesser quantity makes it
yellowish.
Magnesia:
imparts yellow tint and decreases shrinkage.
Excess leads to the decay of bricks.
7
Types of Bricks
Common Burnt Clay Bricks
Common burnt clay bricks are formed by
pressing in molds. Then these bricks are dried
and fired in a kiln. Common burnt clay bricks
are used in general work with no special
attractive appearances. When these bricks are
used in walls, they require plastering or
rendering.
Sand Lime Bricks
Sand lime bricks are made by mixing sand,
fly ash and lime followed by a chemical process
during wet mixing. The mix is then molded
under pressure forming the brick
8
Concrete Bricks
Concrete bricks are made from solid concrete
and are very common among homebuilders.
Concrete bricks are usually placed in facades,
fences, and provide an excellent aesthetic
presence. These bricks can be manufactured to
provide different colors as pigmented during its
production.
Fly Ash Clay Bricks
Fly ash clay bricks are manufactured with clay
and fly ash, at about 1,000 degrees C. Some
studies have shown that these bricks tend to fail
poor produce pop-outs, when bricks come into
contact with moisture and water, causing the
bricks to expand.
9
Bricks uses in Tunisia
brick 12 holes platriel brick
brick 8 holes
Hourdi brick
10
Preparation of bricks
Clay preparation : the preparation of clay involves following operations
*Unsoiling :Clay is prepared by crushing and/or grinding and mixing with small
quantities of sand, ash and lime until it is of a uniform consistency. Water may be added
to increase plasticity (a process known as ‘tempering’).
*weathering : disintegrate big boulders of clay under the action of atmospheric agencies
to make it a uniform mass and also to eliminate the impurities which get oxidized
* Tempering : After weathering, the required quantity of water should be mixed
with the soil to obtain the right consistency for moulding. The quantity of water to
be added, may range from ¼ to 1/3 of the weight of soil.
11
Moulding :
Hand Moulding
– Ground moulded bricks
– Table moulded bricks
Machine Moulding
– Plastic clay machinesPlastic
– Dry Clay machines
12
Burning :
Drying : the drying of bricks is
* Very important stage in the
necessary to make them strong enough . manufacturing of bricks
* Imparts hardness and strength
If the damp bricks are directly burnt,
to the bricks.
there is a possibility of being cracked * It makes the bricks dense
and distorted.
13
Tests on bricks
Water Soundness
absorption test
test
Tests on
bricks Shape and
Hardness test size test
Test for
presence of
Crushing soluble salts
strength test (efflorescence
test)
14
Characteristics of usfel bricks
**Appearance and color – A good brick should have a uniform rectangular
shape with even surfaces and sharp corners. It should be free from cracks. It
should have a uniform brick-red color.
** Hardness and soundness – Good bricks should be hard and should not be
scratched by fingernail. Also, should give a metallic sound when two brick are
struck to each other.
**Durability – A good brick should be able to withstand weathering actions
of Sun, rain wind etc.
** Fire resistance – A good brick should be able to withstand a temperature up
to 1500˚ F or 816˚.
15
**Strength – A good brick is strong enough to not to break, when
dropped on another brick from a height of about 1.25 Meters.
**Sound Insulation
**thermal Insulation –A good brick should be able to maintain
constant interior temperatures of a structure.
**Water absorption – A good brick should not absorb more than
20% of water by weight, when placed in water for 24 hours.
** Efflorescence – it should not contain much alkaline salts
which causes efflorescence on the surface and decays the brick.
16
Uses of Bricks
Brick plays very important role in the field of civil engineering construction.
Bricks are used as an alternative of stones in construction purpose. Here some
main uses of construction brick are given below.
•Construction of walls of any size •Construction of arches and cornices
17
•Construction of brick retaining wall • Brick Flooring Pattern
18
Advantages and Disadvantades
19
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTADES
• Time consuming construction
• Versatile thermal mass
• Cannot be used in high
• Strong and durable
seismic zones
• Low maintenance
• Very less tensile strength
• Thermal performance
• Production of bricks is energy
• Acoustic performance
intensive and uses non
• Design flexibility
renewable resources.
• Fire resistance
20
Conclusion
Bricks are more commonly used in the construction of buildings
than any other material except wood. Brick and terracotta
architecture is dominant within its field and a great industry has
developed and invested in the manufacture of many different
types of bricks of all shapes and colors
21
