THE VERBS
TWO TYPES OF VERBS
ACTION VERBS
• MAIN VERBS
STATE VERBS
• AUXILLARY / HELPING VERBS
THE MAIN VERBS
REGULAR VERBS
IRREGULAR VERBS
THE REGULAR VERBS
FOUR FORMS
• THE BASE SMILE
• THE –S FORM SMILES
• THE –ING FORM SMILING
• THE –ED FORM SMILED
THE BASE FORM
• I
• YOU
• WE PLAY CRICKET
• THEY
USED IN THE PRESENT TENSE FOR ALL
PERSONS EXCEPT THE 3rd PERSON SIGULAR
THE -S FORM
• HE
• SHE PLAYS CRICKET
• IT
THE THIRD PERSON SINGULAR PRESENT
BOTH, REGULAR AND IRREGULAR VERBS TAKE THE -S
THE -ING FORM (PRESENT /PAST
CONTINUOUS)
BASE -ING FORM
SLICE SLICING
JUMP JUMPING
CRY CRYING
BOTH, REGULAR AND IRREGULAR VERBS TAKE THE –ING
THE -ED FORM
BASE -ED FORM
SLICE SLICED
JUMP JUMPED
CRY CRIED
IRREGULAR VERBS DO NOT TAKE THE –ED ENDING
THE -ED FORM
THE PAST TENSES IN ALL PERSONS
I
YOU
HE/SHE/IT JUMPED WITH JOY
THEY
THE -ED FORM
TO FORM THE PASSIVE VOICE
THE PATIENT WAS EXAMINED BY THE DOCTOR.
THE STATUES WERE DISCOVERED IN 1940.
THE STAFF WAS APPRECIATED.
THE -ED FORM
TO FORM THE PERFECT TENSE
She has painted the room white. (present)
She had painted the room white. (past)
THE PAST PARTICIPLE FORM OF THE VERB
THE IRREGULAR VERBS
• RESEMBLE REGULAR VERBS IN HAVING THE –S
AND –ING FORMS
• THEIR BASE FORM CHANGES IN THE PAST
AND/OR THE PAST PARTICIPLE FORM
3 TYPES OF IRREGULAR VERBS
• THE BASE, THE PAST & THE PAST PARTICIPLE
ARE IDENTICAL (TYPE 1)
• TWO OF THE THREE PARTS ARE IDENTICAL
(TYPE 2)
• ALL THREE PARTS ARE DIFFERENT (TYPE 3)
TYPE 1 IRREGULAR VERBS
BASE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE
Burst Burst Burst
Shut Shut Shut
Spread Spread Spread
TYPE 2 IRREGULAR VERBS
BASE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE
Bend Bent Bent
Bind Bound Bound
Come Came Come
Become Became Become
TYPE 3 IRREGULAR VERBS
BASE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE
Arise Arose Arisen
Fall Fell Fallen
Ring Rang Rung
Write Wrote Written
THE HELPING VERBS
BE DO HAVE
BE
PRESENT
AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE
I am I am not Am I?
You are You are not Are you?
He/She/It is is not Is He/She/It?
We are We are not Are we?
They are They are not Are They?
BE
PAST
AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE
I was I was not Was I?
You were You were not Were you?
He/She/It was was not Was He/She/It?
We were We were not Were we?
They were They were not Were They?
THE USE OF ‘BE’
• TO BUILD CONTINUOUS TENSES / PASSIVE FORMS
The old man is taking a nap.
The earthquake was destroying the houses.
The gates were opened by the guards.
• TO EXPRESS EXISTENCE,CONDITION OR INFO. ABOUT
A PERSON OR THING
Dr. Johnson is a dentist.
I am happy.
Your girls were not friendly.
THE USE OF ‘BE’
• TO EXPRESS AGE
He is twenty years old.
How old was your uncle.
• TO GIVE ORDERS/INSTRUCTIONS/COMMUNICATE
A PLAN
You are to finish your homework before dinner. (You must……)
She is to take her medicine before meals. (She must…..)
The chairman is to give his annual speech tomorrow. ( He plans to….)
THE USE OF ‘BE’
• TO INDICATE AN IMMEDIATE FUTURE
They are about to arrive. (They will arrive any moment)
He was about to quit the job when he was promoted .
• TO INDICATE THAT SOMETHING OR SOMEONE
EXISTS
There is a piece of cake in the fridge.
Wasn’t there an extra blanket in the wardrobe?
There is someone at the door.
DO
PRESENT
AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE
I do I do not Do I?
You do You do not Do you?
He/She/It does not Does He/She/It?
We do We do not Do we?
They do They do not Do They?
DO
PAST
AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE
I did I did not Did I?
You did You did not Did you?
He/She/It did did not Did He/She/It?
We did We did not Did we?
They did They did not Did They?
THE DUAL USE OF DO
AS AN AUXILLARY VERB IS USED:
TO FORM NEGATIVE & INTERROGATIVE OF SIMPLE PRESENT &
SIMPLE PAST.
• The kitten does not play with strangers.
• Did he go to the university yesterday?
• TO AVOID REPEATING THE SAME VERB OR PHRASE.
• My father loves reading classics and I do, too.
• Indus Motors made a profit last year but Suzuki did not.
• Qasim swims very well. He certainly does.
THE DUAL USE OF DO
AS AN AUXILLARY VERB IS USED:
TO MAKE AN IMPERATIVE OR AFFIRMATIVE EMPHATIC.
• Do study hard this time.
• You are wrong; I did pay you.
THE DUAL USE OF DO
AS A MAIN VERB IS USED:
IN ALL THE SIMPLE, CONTINUOUS & PERFECT TENSES. IT HAS A
GENERAL MEANING OF CARRY OUT, ACCOMPLISH, PERFORM,
ADMINISTER OR PUT INTO PRACTICE.
• Linda is doing her homework right now.
• He does his job diligently.
• I had done the washing before the match began.
THE DUAL USE OF HAVE
AS AN AUXILLARY
• PRESENT
I have I have not Have I?
You have You have not Have you?
He/she/It has has not Has he/she/it?
We have We have not Have we?
They have They have not Have they?
PAST (The had form is used for all persons)
Had Had not Had he?
‘HAVE’ AS AN AUXILLARY
• IS USED:
TO FORM PERFECT TENSES
• I have finished my work.(Present perfect)
• I had finished my work by noon time.(Past Perfect)
• I will have finished my work before the meeting.
(Future Perfect)
• I would have finished my work if the printer had
worked properly. (Perfect conditional)
‘HAVE’ AS AN AUXILLARY
• IS USED:
‘HAD BETTER’ CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
• They had better study hard right from the day of
school. (The best thing to do in a situation)
situation
• It is chilly. The children had better put on warm
clothes.
‘HAVE’ AS AN AUXILLARY
• IS USED:
I WILL NOT HAVE + OBJECT + -ING
• I won’t have that dog sleeping on my bed! (I will not
permit)
• He won’t have people disturbing his class.
HAVE AS THE MAIN VERB
• POSSESSION
He always has a cold.
He does not always have a cold.
Does he always have a cold?
Did you have a good time last night?(experience)
HAVE AS THE MAIN VERB
• EAT, DRINK OR ORGANIZE
They usually have dinner early.
I had eggs on toast for breakfast.
Our neighbours had a grand party last week.
I have had my dinner early tonight.
He had had his dinner already when we invited him to our place.
HAVE AS THE MAIN VERB
• Getting a job done by someone
He had his room re-decorated.
I have my hair trimmed every Sunday.
I have my suits dry cleaned at Snow White dry cleaners.
He has his food flown to him.
