NUMBER SYSTEM

Introduction
 Set of values used to represent different quantities
is known as Number System".

 For example, a number system can be used to

represent the number of students in a class.
 The Decimal Number System consists of ten
digits from 0 to 9.
 These digits can be used to represent any numeric
value.

 The base of decimal number system is 10.

 Each number in this system consists of digits

which are located at different positions.

 The position of first digit towards left side of the

decimal point is 0.
 The position of second digit towards left side of
the decimal point is 1.

 Similarly, the position of first digit towards right

side of decimal point is -1.

 The position of second digit towards right side of

decimal point is -2 and so on.
 Number System
 Number Base B => B symbols
› Base 16(Hexa):0, 1,……9, A ,…, E, F
› Base 10 (Decimal): 0, 1, 2,……, 7, 8, 9
› Base 8(Octal): 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
› Base 2 (Binary): 0, 1
 Decimal Numbers: Base 10
 Base or Radix is 10
 Digits: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9

 Example:
41210 = 4x102 + 1x101 + 2x100
= 400 + 10 +2 = 412
 Binary Numbers: Base 2
 Base or Radix is 2

 Digits: 0, 1

 Example:
1012 = 1x22 + 0x21 + 1x20
= 4 + 0 +1 = 5
 Octal Numbers: Base 8
 Base or Radix is 8

 Digits: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7

 Example:
1238 = 1x82 + 2x81 + 3x80
= 64 + 16 +3
= 83
 Hexadecimal Numbers: Base 16
 Digits: 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,A,B,C,D,E,F:
› A  10
› B  11
› C  12
› D  13
› E  14
› F  15
 Example:
1216 = 1x161 + 2x160
= 16 +2
= 18
Conversions

Decimal to Base N Base N to Decimal

Successive Division by N Multiplication with power of N

(Remainder Method)
Conversion of Decimal to Binary
2 25
2 12 -1
2 6-0
2 3-0
1-1

2510=110012
Binary to decimal conversion

11001
1X20 = 1
0X21 = 0
0X22 = 0
1X23 = 8
1X24 = 16
2510
Conversion of Decimal to Octal
8 125
8 15 - 5
1 -7

12510=1758
Example 2:
8 84
8 10 - 4
1 -2

8410=1248
Octal to decimal conversion

175

5X80 = 5
7X81 = 56
1X82 = 64
125

1758 = 12510
 Example 2:

124

4X80 = 4
2X81 = 16
1X82 = 64
84

1248 = 8410
Conversion of Decimal to Hexadecimal

16 450
16 28 - 2
1 - 12

45010=1C216
Example 2:
16 385
16 24 - 1
1 - 8

38510=18116
Hexadecimal to decimal conversion

1C2
2X160 = 2
12X161 = 192
1X162 = 256
450

1C216 = 45010
 Example 2:

1 81
1X160 = 1
8X161 = 128
1X162 = 256
385

18116 = 38510
 Hexadecimal to Binary conversions
Example: Convert 2BA3 to Binary
Step 1: write the corresponding binary number for
the given hexadecimal numbers
Step 2: combine all the binary numbers together.
2 B A 3
0010 1011 1010 0011

(0010101110100011)2
 Hexadecimal to binary conversion
Convert A2B16 to an equivalent binary number.
Solution: Given hexadecimal number = A2B16
First, convert the given hexadecimal to the equivalent
decimal number.
A2B16 = (A × 162) + (2 × 161) + (B × 160)
= (A × 256) + (2 × 16) + (B × 1)
= (10 ×256) + 32 + 11
= 2560 + 43
= 2603(Decimal number)
Now we have to convert 260310 to binary
 Decimal to binary
The binary number obtained is 1010001010112
Hence, A2B16 = 1010001010112
 Decimal to binary
Convert E16 to an equivalent binary number.
Solution: Given, a hexadecimal number is E.
First, convert the given hexadecimal to the equivalent decimal
number.
E16 = E × 160
=E×1
=E
=14 (Decimal number)
Now we have to convert 14 10 to binary number.
The binary number obtained is 1110 2
Hence, E16 = 11102
 Octal to binary number
Q.1: Convert 418 to a binary number.
Solution: Given number is 418
418 = (4 * 81) + (1 * 80)
=4*8+1*1
= 32+1
= 33(Decimal number)
Convert decimal to binary.
Octal table
Hexadecimal to binary value
 Other Conversions
 BINARYOCTAL
 BINARYHEXADECIMAL
 OCTALHEXADECIMAL etc,.
BINARYOCTAL
 OCTAL  BASE 8 = 23
 So separate as 3 digits

Example:110012  OCTAL
11 001

011 001
3 1
110012=318
Example 2:11100112  OCTAL

1 110 011

001 110 011

1 6 3

11100112=1638
Example:11100112  OCTAL

0111 0011

0111 0011
7 3
11100112= 73 16
 Octal to binary
Convert (473)8 to binary
Step 1: Write the corresponding binary number for 4
7 and 3 separately
Step 2: Combine those binary numbers together.
4 7 3
100 111 011
(100111011)2
BINARYHEXADECIMAL
 HEXADECIMAL  BASE 16 = 24
 So separate as 4 digits

Example:110012  HEXADECIMAL
1 1001

0001 1001
1 9
110012=1916
OCTALHEXADECIMAL
 OCTALBINARYHEXADECIMAL

Example:318  HEXADECIMAL
3 1
011 001

0001 1001
1 9
318=1916
HEXADECIMAL  OCTAL
 Example: 1BD  OCTAL

1 B D
0001 1011 1101

000 110 111 101

0 6 7 5
1BD = 6758
Conversion from Decimal to Binary
25.125 10 Binary
2 25
2 12 -1
2 6-0
2 3-0
1-1

2510=110012
0.125 X 2 = 0.250
0.250 X 2 = 0.5
0.5 X 2 = 1.0

25.12510 = 11001.0012
Binary to decimal conversion
11 0 0 1 . 0 0 1

1X2-3 = 0.125
0X2-2 = 0
0X2-1 = 0
1X20 = 1
0X21 = 0
0X22 = 0
1X23 = 8
1X24 = 16
25.12510
Conversion from Decimal to Octal
84.250 10 Octal
8 84
8 10 - 4
1 -2

8410=1248
0.250 X 8 = 2.000

25.12310 = 124.28
Octal to decimal conversion
124.2

2X8-1 = 0.25
4X80 = 4
2X81 = 16 84
1X82 = 64
84.2510