MODULE 1
TYPES OF VARIATION
01 Direct Variation Joint Variation 03
02 Inverse Variation Combined Variation 04
DIRECT VARIATION
Direct variation is a type of proportionality wherein one quantity directly
varies with respect to a change in another quantity.
If the two variables are and , then y varies directly as x if , where is a non-
zero constant, the constant is called the constant of variation or the constant
of proportionality.
DIRECT VARIATION
QUESTION:
are and the same?
How to create variation equation given the variation statement?
Variation statement:
y varies directly as x
Variation equation:
How to create variation equation given the variation statement?
Variation statement:
q varies directly with the square root of w
Variation equation:
How to create variation equation given the variation statement?
Variation statement:
Distance (D) travelled by car varies directly with time (t)
Variation equation:
How to create variation equation given the variation statement?
Variation statement:
The total cost (c) varies directly with the number of burgers (b) bought
Variation equation:
INVERSE VARIATION
Inverse variation states that whenever the product of corresponding values of
two quantities is a constant, then one quantity varies inversely as the other.
If the two variables are and , then y varies inversely as x if , where is a non-
zero constant, the constant is called the constant of variation or the constant
of proportionality.
INVERSE VARIATION
QUESTION:
are and the same?
How to create variation equation given the variation statement?
Variation statement:
y varies indirectly as x
Variation equation:
How to create variation equation given the variation statement?
Variation statement:
the number of hours (h) required to finish a certain job
varies inversely as the number of persons (p) on the job
Variation equation:
How to create variation equation given the variation statement?
Variation statement:
b varies inversely as the square root of a
Variation equation:
How to create variation equation given the variation statement?
Variation statement:
The rate of vibration (r) of string under constant tension
varies inversely as the length of the string (l).
Variation equation:
How to illustrate situations that involve direct variation and inverse variation?
The number of hours to finish a job to the number of men working
Inverse Variation
Why?
As the number of hours to finish a job decreases,
the number of men working increases.
How to illustrate situations that involve direct variation and inverse variation?
The amount of water to the space that water did not occupy in a
particular container
Inverse Variation
Why?
As the amount of water increases, the space that water did not occupy
in a particular container decrease.
How to illustrate situations that involve direct variation and inverse variation?
The time a teacher spends checking papers to the number of students
Direct Variation
Why?
As the number of students increases, the time a teacher spends
checking paper increases.
How to illustrate situations that involve direct variation and inverse variation?
The amount of money raised in a concert to the number of tickets sold
Direct Variation
Why?
The amount of money raised in a concert increases as the number of
tickets sold increases.
How to illustrate situations that involve direct variation and inverse variation?
The number of persons sharing a pie to the size of the slices of the pie
Inverse Variation
Why?
As the number of persons sharing a pie increases, the size of the slices
of the pie decreases.
LESSON 2
Solving Direct and
Inverse Variation
Activity from MathScore
1. Determine whether the table suggests
that y varies as x.
2. If so, find the constant of variation and
the equation.
Activity from MathScore
1. Determine whether the table suggests
that y varies as x.
2. If so, find the constant of variation and
the equation.
Activity from MathScore
1. Determine whether the table suggests
that y varies as x.
2. If so, find the constant of variation and
the equation.
ILLUSTRATIVE
EXAMPLE 1
If varies directly as and when , find
when .
ILLUSTRATIVE
EXAMPLE 2
If varies directly as the square of and
b when , find when .
ILLUSTRATIVE
EXAMPLE 3
If varies inversely as and when , find
when .
ILLUSTRATIVE
EXAMPLE 4
If varies inversely as the square root
of and when , what is when ?
ILLUSTRATIVE
EXAMPLE 5
Using his bicycle, Jericho travels a distance of 10
kilometres per hour on a steep road. The table shows the
distance he has travelled at a particular length of time.
How many kilometers would he have travelled in hours?
ILLUSTRATIVE
EXAMPLE 6
Over a given distance, speed varies
inversely with time. If a race car goes a
certain distance in 3 hours at 190 miles
per hour, what speed is needed to go the
same distance in 2 hours?
ILLUSTRATIVE
EXAMPLE 7
The length () of a spring is directly
proportional to the force () applied to it. If
a force 4 kg stretches a spring to 8 cm,
how much force is necessary to stretch the
same spring to 25 cm?
ILLUSTRATIVE
EXAMPLE 8
The number of hours (h) required to finish a
certain job varies inversely as the number of
persons (p) on the job. If 9 persons require 10
hours to finish the job, how long should it take
for 30 persons to finish the job?
ILLUSTRATIVE
EXAMPLE 9
Coronavirus disease is an infectious disease caused by
SARS-Cov-2 virus. The table shows the spread of virus in
span of 4 days.
Days 1 2 3 4
No. of 1000 2000 3000 4000
infected
How many would be infected in 2 weeks?
ILLUSTRATIVE
EXAMPLE 10
If it takes 2 hours for a 5 pound block of ice to melt in a 60 degree
Fahrenheit room, how long will it take a 5 pound of ice to melt in an 80
degree Fahrenheit room? Assume that time (t) varies inversely as
temperature (F).
LESSON 3
Solving Joint and
Combined Variation
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JOINT VARIATION
Joint variation is just like direct variation, but involves more than one other
variable. All the variables are directly proportional, taken one at a time.
y=kxz
Here, y varies directly with both x and z. Also, k is a positive constant. That
means it doesn't change even if x,y, and z do. This constant is called
the constant of proportionality.
How to create variation equation given the variation statement?
Variation statement:
q varies directly as s and t
Variation equation:
COMBINED VARIATION
Combined variation describes a situation where a variable depends on two (or
more) other variables, and varies directly with some of them
and varies inversely with others (when the rest of the variables are held
constant).
Here, y varies directly as x and inversely as z. And k is the constant of
proportionality.
How to create variation equation given the variation statement?
Variation statement:
f varies directly as g and inversely as h
Variation equation:
COMPARISON
As one quantity As one quantity
increases, the increases, the other
product of the other increases and
quantities also another decreases.
increases.
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE
1
If varies jointly as and , and when and , find when and .
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE
2
The variable x is in joint variation with y and z. When the
values of y and z are 4 and 6, x is 16. What is the value of x
when y = 8 and z =12?
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE
3
M is in joint variation with A and square of R. When M =
144, A = 4 and R = 3. Then what is the value of M when
A = 6 and R = 4?
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE
4
The volume (V) of a cone varies jointly as the area of the base (B)
and the height (h), and when and . Find B when and .
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE
5
y varies directly as x and inversely as z. If y = 5 when x = 3
and z = 4, find y when x = 6 and z = 15.
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE
6
Supposed b varies directly as a and inversely as the square root of c. If
b = 5, when a = 4 and c = 64. Find b when a = 12 and c = 25.
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE
7
If 𝑦 is varied directly with 𝑥 and inversely with the square of 𝑧 and
𝑦=4 when 𝑥=1and 𝑧=2,find the value of 𝑦 when 𝑥=1 and 𝑧=4.
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE
8
The time it takes you to complete a puzzle (t) is directly proportional to the number
of pieces (n) and inversely proportional to how many people (p) are working on it.
You and your three friends can complete a 1,000 piece puzzle in 2 hours. How long
would it take you to complete a 2,500 piece puzzle by yourself?
MORE
EXAMPLES
The volume of wood in a tree (V) varies jointly as the height (h)
and the diameter (d). The volume of a tree is 480 m3 when the
height is 30 m and the diameter is 2.0 m.
1. What is the variation equation?
2. Find the constant of proportionality?
3. What is the height of a tree having a volume of 216
m3 and a diameter of 1.5 m?
MORE
EXAMPLES
The volume (V) of gas varies directly as the
temperature (T) and inversely as the pressure (P). The volume
is 225 cc when the temperature is 300 K and the pressure is 100
N/cm2
1. What is the variation equation?
2. Find the constant of proportionality?
3. What is the volume when the temperature drops to 100 K
and the pressure is 150 N/cm2?
