Ghani Khan Choudhury Institute
of
Engineering And Technology
CA-1
Name : Anirban Roy
Roll No : 35500721006
Subject : 3D Printing and Design
Subject Code :PE-ME802F
Reg No : 213550100710016
Department : Mechanical Engineering
Season : 2024-2025
Submitted To : Dr Dharmeswar Dash
1
Topic-
History of Additive Manufacturing. Advantage and limitation of additive manufacturing Differentiate between
additive manufacturing and CNC machining classification based on types of material used
Content
Introduction of Additive manufacturing
Historical Evolution
Advantage of AM
Material Efficiency and Waste Reduction
Classification of AM
Material Categories Additive Manufacturing
Limitation of AM
Real world Application
Additive manufacturing and CNC machining Difference
Conclusion
Introduction to Additive Manufacturing
Additive Manufacturing (AM), also known as 3D printing, has revolutionized
the manufacturing industry, offering a new paradigm for product design,
production, and customization. Additionally, the differences between
additive manufacturing and CNC machining will be examined along
with the classification of AM processes based on the types of
materials used
Historical Evolution
1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s-Present
Early AM processes Development of selective AM gains momentum, with Increased adoption of AM
developed, including laser sintering (SLS) and advancements in materials, across industries, driven by
stereolithography (SLA) and direct metal laser sintering software, and affordability. Industry 4.0 and the rise of
fused deposition modeling (DMLS) technologies. digital manufacturing.
(FDM).
Advantages of AM
1 Design Freedom 2 Customization
AM enables the creation of AM allows for on-demand
complex geometries that are production of personalized
difficult or impossible to products, meeting specific
produce with traditional customer needs.
methods.
3 Waste Reduction
AM processes generate significantly less waste compared to
subtractive manufacturing techniques.
Fig 1.0- Advantage of additive Manuafcturing
Material Efficiency and Waste Reduction
1 Additive manufacturing uses only the necessary materials,
significantly reducing waste compared to traditional subtractive
methods.
2 This material efficiency benefits sustainability by minimizing
environmental impact and reducing resource consumption.
Classification of AM Processes:
1 Material Extrusion
A material, such as plastic or metal, is extruded through a nozzle layer by layer .
2 Powder Bed Fusion
A laser or electron beam melts powder material layer by layer,
creating a solid object.
3 Vat Polymerization
A vat of liquid photopolymer resin is selectively cured by UV light, layer by layer .
4 Sheet Lamination
Thin sheets of material, such as paper or metal, are layered and bonded together .
Material Categories in AM: Polymers, Metals,
Ceramics, and Composites
Polymers
Widely used due to low cost and versatility, including ABS, PLA, and nylon .
Metals
Used for high-performance applications, including titanium, stainless steel, and aluminum .
Ceramics
Offer high temperature resistance and durability, such as alumina and zirconia .
Composites
Combine different materials for enhanced properties, such as carbon fiber
reinforced polymers.
Limitation of AM Process:
1 Size Constraints- Additive manufacturing is currently limited in the size of objects it can produce, as the build
volume of 3D printers is often restricted.
2 Build Volume- While advancements in 3D printing technology are expanding build volumes, current limitations
still restrict the production of very large objects
The surface quality of 3D-printed objects can vary depending on the printing process and
3 Surface Quality-
material used, often requiring post-processing to achieve desired finishes.
The cost of 3D printing materials can be higher than traditional manufacturing materials,
4 Material Cost- especially for specialized materials used in specific applications
The range of materials available for additive manufacturing is still expanding,
Real-world Applications Across Industries:
Aerospace, Medical, Automotive
Aerospace
Lightweight and complex parts for aircraft and spacecraft .
Medical
Implants, prosthetics, and custom surgical tools.
Automotive
Engine parts, lightweight body panels, and customized
components.
Additive Manufacturing and CNC Machining difference
Topic CNC Machining Additive Manufacturing
Process Builds objects layer by layer Removes material from a solid
block
Materials Uses polymers, ceramics, and Uses metals, plastics, and
metals foam
Applications Can create complex parts Used in aerospace,
automotive, and other
industries
Conclusion
Additive manufacturing, also known as 3D printing, is a revolutionary manufacturing technique that has many
advantages
• Automation: Additive manufacturing is more automated than traditional methods, which reduces costs and labor
• Material efficiency: Additive manufacturing uses less material than traditional methods
• Design freedom: Additive manufacturing allows for more complex geometries and individualization
• Rapid prototyping: Additive manufacturing is ideal for creating prototypes quickly advantages over traditional methods. It's
used in many industries, including medicine, construction, and aerospace
References
• [Link]
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