A Presentation on
Developing
Questionnaire
1
Outline of Discussion
• What is Questionnaire
• Purpose of Questionnaire
• Elements of Questionnaire
• Characteristics of Questionnaire
• Types of Questionnaire
• Steps to develop Questionnaire
• When to use a questionnaire
• Issues related content of Questionnaire
• Guideline in developing questionnaire
• Advantage and Disadvantages of Questionnaire
• Questions from Participants
2
What is a
Questionnaire
“Questionnaire is a tool / Instrument made of set of Questions”
Questionnaire is a set of
Purpose of standard Concise,
Questions particular
questions for gathering
&
related information
information from a group of individual oriented
ICT School
application Students
Dietary Pattern Obese/Diabetic
Motive behind Exercising
exercise Individual
Personality Athlet
Traits e
❖ Questionnaire typically used to measure
affective domains such as attitude and 3
opinions.
What is a
Questionnaire
A set of Questions designed to generate
the statistical information from a specific
demographic needed to accomplish the
research objectives
A questionnaire is a research tool
consisting of a series of questions and
o t h e r pr o mpt s (Fa ct ) a s k e d t
o individuals to obtain statistically
useful information about a given topic.
The questionnaire is invented by the Sir
Francis Galton. ([Link], 2010)
4
What is a
Questionnaire
The questionnaire is probably most
used and most abused of the data
gathering devices .It is easy to
prepare and to administer. The
questionnaire is a form prepared
and distributed to secure
responses to certain questions. It is a
device for securing answers to
questions by using a form which the
respondent will fi ll by himself. It
is a systematic compilation of
questions. It is an important
instrument
sources. being used
Normally used to gather
where one
information
cannot from all widely
see personally of the
scattered
people from whom he desires
responses or where there is no 5
What is a
Questionnaire
The Questionnaire design is a long
process th at demands car eful
attention. A questionnaire is a
powerful evaluation tool and should not
be taken lightly. Design begins with an
understanding of the capabilities of a
questionnaire and how they can help your
research. If it is determined that a
questionnaire is to be used, the greatest
care goes into the planning of the
objectives. Questionnaires are like any
scientifi c experiment. One does not
collect data and then see if they found
something interesting. One forms a
hypothesis and an experiment that will
6
Purpose of
Questionnaire
• The primary
respondents.
purpose of a questionnaire is to extract data from
(in form of Interview, Opinion, and questionnaire)
• It is an Inexpensive way to gather data from a potentially large number
of respondents (by mail, email or telephonic)
• It helps to Increases speed and accuracy of recording
• When properly constructed and responsibly administered It becomes a
very important tool for providing a standardised data gathering
procedure.
Helps to save time, money and energy
Improper design can lead to? ▪Incomplete information
▪Inaccurate data
7
▪Higher costs
Elements of
Questionnaire • Eating Habits
• Motive Behind Exercise
• Teacher Questionnaire on
use of ICT
1 Title:
It should be very clear and precise
This helps to identifies the domain of the investigation.
The respondent is initially get oriented to the investigation.
It should be captivating enough to attract attention and
enthusiasm.
8
Elements of
Questionnaire
2 General POLLUTION QUESTIONNAIRE
introduction:
This questionnaire is designed to allow
This has a description underwriters to assess the exposures that exist,
of in your activities, in connection with pollution and/
the purpose of study. or contamination or other environmental work
related issues
The respondent is
assured of
confidentiality of
information, making
clear that there are no
wrong or right answers.
Honest answers are
also
requested. 9
Elements of
Questionnaire
3. Specific instructions:
This offers concise demonstration on how to carry on with the business of responding
to the
questionnaire.
4. Questionnaire items:
It is the main part of the questionnaire schedule, to be clearly separated from the
aforementioned parts.
5. Additional information:
includes the full contact information of the researcher/ administrator. May include a
promise that a
copy of the summary of the final report would be send to the respondent on
request.
6 "Thank you" may end the questionnaire.
10
Characteristics of Good Questionnaire
[Link] deals with an important or significant topic.
2. Its significance is carefully stated on the questionnaire or on its
covering letter.
3. It seeks only that data which cannot be obtained from the resources
like books,
reports and records.
4. It is as short as possible, only long enough to get the essential data.
[Link] is attractive in appearance, nearly arranged and clearly stated or
printed.
6. Directions are clear and complete, important terms are clarified.
[Link] questions are objective, with no clues, hints or suggestions.
8. Questions are presented in a order from simple to complex.
9. Double barrelled questions or putting two questions in one question
are also avoided.
11
Types of Questionnaire
• Unstructured
• Structured
• Semi-structured
Open Ended Close Ended Mixed
Completely
Unstructured
Dichotomous (Two Matrix Contingency
Thematic Apperception category)
Test
Multiple Choice
Word Associate
Sentence, Story or Scale Questions
Picture Completion
12
1. C o m p l e t e l y U n s t r u c t u r e d
2. T h e m a t i c A p p e r c e p t i o n Test
3. Word Associate
4. S e n t e n c e , Story o r P i c t u r e
Completion
Open Ended
or
Unstructured
Questionnair
es
13
Open Ended Questionnaire
Open ended Questions
Open ended questions give an opportunity to
the respondents to express their opinions in a
free-flowing manner. These questions don't
have predetermined set of responses and the Freedom to express opinion
respondent is free to answer whatever he/she No caping of options (Avoid
feels right. it can help to get true, insightful and bias) Scope to obtain more
even unexpected suggestions. Qualitative
information Data form is
questions fall under this category.
Qualitative
An ideal questionnaire would include an open- Difficult to analyse/ coding
statistically
ended question at the end of the questionnaire
that seeks feedback and/or suggestions for
improvements from respondents.
1
4
State your opinion about
1. completely unstructured questions sports policy amended by the
sports ministry of India?
Such questions were ask openly to get
opinion or view about the aspect.
How can we promote
women empowerment in India
Suggest your opinion to What are the facilities do you
promote healthy lifestyle in India expect from your institution
1
5
3. Thematic Apperception Test
TAT invented by (Murray, 1943) was
originally designed to measure normal
dimensions of personality in the general
population
In this questionnaire, sequence of Pictures shows
to respondent in same order for same duration and
ask the following question on every picture as,
1. What happens,
2. What led up to the situation,
3. What the outcome would be,
4. And what the characters would be thinking
and feeling.
The respond may be analyse in terms of any
theme, conflicts, motivation, interest etc. that
appear in them.
1
6
Thematic Apperception Test
1
7
3. Word Associate Questions
words are presented and
the respondent mentions the
first word that comes to mind.
Exam - Tension
Mother - Love 4. Sentence, Story or Picture completion
The respondent complete an
incomplete sentences, stories or
write on empty conversation balloon
in a picture
1
Close Ended
or
Structured
Questionnair
1. Dichotomous (Two
category)
[Link]
Choice es Scale Questions
Matrix
Contingency
[Link]
Questions
[Link]
19
[Link]
Closed Ended Questionnaire
Closed Format Questions
Multiple choice questions, where
respondents are restricted to choose
among any of the given multiple choice
answersorare
format known as closed
closed-ended questions. There is
[Link] Freedom to express
no fixed
limit as to how many multiple choices should opinion
be
given; the number can be even
or odd. [Link] of options (Avoid bias)
One of the main advantages of including
closed
format questions in your questionnaire 3. No thumb rule - fix numbers of
design is at performing preliminary analysis. options
the ease
These
questions are ideal for calculating statistical 4. Data form is Quantitative
data
and percentages, as the answers 5. Easy to analyse/ coding
set
Closedis ended questions
[Link] also be asked statistically
to
different groups at different intervals to 6. Scope of getting extra information
efficiently track their opinion about a is
product/service/ company over time. very less.
2
0
Close Ended Questionnaire
Dichotomous Questions
1 These are simple questions that ask respondents
to answer in a yes or no. One major drawback with
dichotomous questions is that it cannot analyse the
answers between yes and no, there is no scope
for a middle perspective.
Example of a Closed-Ended Dichotomous Question
2
1
Have you ever
experienced a service from
1. Dichotomous (Two category) our fitness centre
Yes / No
these kinds of questions has two possible
responses only, either
Yes / No
please enter your gender
True / False
Agree / Disagree Male / Female
Sports performance Healthy practices
always counted as “No pain promotes quality of life
No gain"
Agree / Disagree
True / False
2
2
2 Closed-ended - Multiple
Choice
! When all response choices are known
! When quantitative statistical results are desired
Which of the warm up duration you
follow before athletic competition?
• 10 min.
• 15 min.
• 20 min.
• 25 min.
• more than 25 min.
closed Ended scale format
3 Likert Questions
Likert questions can help you ascertain how
strongly your respondents agree to a particular
statement. Such type of questions also help you
assess how your customers feel towards a
certain issue, product or service.
Example of a Closed-Ended Likert Question
2
Likert-scale
To assess a person's feelings
about something
⦿ Express your views on the following aspect of smoking
⦿ Questions SA A UD D SD
⦿ Smoking is injurious to health
⦿ Cigarette contains nicotine
⦿ Those who smoke looks charming
⦿ Smokers can impress people
SA Strongly Agree, A Agree, UD Undecided, D Disagree, SD Strongly
Disagree
Bipolar Closed Ended Questions
Bipolar Questions
Bipolar questions are the ones having two extreme
answers written at the opposite ends of the scale. The
respondents are asked to mark their responses
between those two.
Example of a Closed-Ended Bipolar Question
2
6
2
7
4 Matrix
A matrix question—are really, multiple questions presented on
a grid—is one of the most popular question types in online and
traditional pen-and-paper surveys.
For survey creators, these bundled questions are easy to write
and program.
For respondents, they’re generally easy to interpret (and
answer) since the
scales and answer options stay the same across all items.
2
8
Contingency (Dependent question) 5
A questioned that is answered only if the
respondent gives a particular respond to a
previous question. This avoid asking questions If Yes, about how many times
you smoke
to people that do not apply to them.
once
2 to 5 times
6 to 10 times
11 to 20 times
more than 20 times in a day.
Do You smoke
Yes / No
2
9
Contingency (Dependent question)
1. Do you have computer
knowledge?
Yes ( )
No ( )
2. If ‘yes’ how long have you been
using?
• From last 6 months )
( )
•From last 1 year )
( )
• From last 2 years
(
•From last 3-4 years (
3
0
Steps in
Questionnaire
Development
Step 1
What problem or need is to be addressed ?
Step 2
Review the relevant literature
Step 3
Review what to evaluate
Step 4
Define Parameter
Step 5
Develop relevant questions
Step 6
Conduct preliminary study
Step 7
Apply Item Analysis For final selection of questions
33
Thank you……
4
6
