A STUDY ON SATISFACTION TOWARDS EMPLOYEES’ HEALTH SAFETY AND WELFARE ACTIVITIES

Introduction

1.1 Industry Scenario:

Meaning:
Employee health, safety, and welfare refers to the physical and mental well-being of
employees, as well as their overall quality of life. It encompasses a wide range of
initiatives and programs aimed at promoting and protecting the health, safety, and welfare
of employees in the workplace.
Employee health refers to the physical and mental well-being of employees, including
their overall health and fitness, as well as their ability to manage stress and mental health
concerns.
Employee safety refers to the measures taken to ensure that employees are protected from
harm in the workplace, including physical and psychological harm. This includes
ensuring that the workplace environment is free from hazards, providing proper training
and equipment, and promoting safe work practices.
Employee welfare refers to the measures taken by employers to improve the overall well-
being of employees, beyond their basic physical and mental health. It encompasses a wide
range of initiatives and programs aimed at enhancing the quality of life for employees and
their families, including employee benefits, work-life balance, and employee
development programs.
Human Resource Management (HRM) is one of the most significant functions in any
organization (Opatha 2009). As the success of an organization depends to a great extent
on human resources, managing the human resource is essentially the most important and
challenging task in an organization. Managers use different aspects of HRM to manage
human resource an d those functions are namely; job analysis, human resource planning,
recruitment, selection, induction, training and development, performance evaluation, pay
management, welfare management, health and safety,etc.
Together, employee health, safety, and welfare initiatives aim to create a positive and
supportive work environment that benefits both the employees and the organization. By
promoting and protecting the well-being of employees, organizations can improve

1
[Link] & [Link] Commerce College & Bhaniben Chhimkabhai Patel BBA College
A STUDY ON SATISFACTION TOWARDS EMPLOYEES’ HEALTH SAFETY AND WELFARE ACTIVITIES

employee morale, engagement, and productivity, as well as reduce absenteeism and

turnover rates.
Employee safety refers to the measures taken to ensure the physical and mental well-
being of employees while they are at work. It is a crucial aspect of workplace health and
safety and is essential for creating a positive and productive work environment.
A safe work environment can improve employee morale, reduce absenteeism and
turnover, and lower the risk of injury, illness, and accidents. To achieve this, employers
must implement a comprehensive safety program that addresses physical, chemical,
biological, and psychological hazards.
Employee health refers to the physical and mental well-being of employees, which is
essential for their overall productivity and quality of life. A healthy workforce is an asset
to any organization, as it can lead to increased employee engagement, reduced
absenteeism, and lower healthcare costs.
Employee welfare refers to the measures taken by employers to improve the overall well-
being of employees, beyond their basic physical and mental health. It encompasses a wide
range of initiatives and programs aimed at enhancing the quality of life for employees and
their families.
Employee health, safety, and welfare are becoming increasingly important in various
industries as companies seek to create a safe and healthy work environment for their
employees. Over the past few years, there has been a growing trend of companies
investing in programs and initiatives aimed at promoting employee wellness and reducing
work-related health hazards.
For instance, in the manufacturing industry, companies have been implementing measures
to prevent accidents and injuries in the workplace, such as providing personal protective
equipment, conducting regular safety training, and conducting regular health and safety
audits. In the service industry, companies are encouraging healthy habits among their
employees by providing on-site health and wellness programs, such as yoga classes,
health fairs, and nutrition counseling.
Employers are recognizing that investing in the health and well-being of their employees
can have a positive impact on overall business performance. For example, healthy
employees are more productive, have fewer absenteeism days, and are less likely to
experience work-related stress and burnout. Moreover, a strong health and safety culture

2
[Link] & [Link] Commerce College & Bhaniben Chhimkabhai Patel BBA College
A STUDY ON SATISFACTION TOWARDS EMPLOYEES’ HEALTH SAFETY AND WELFARE ACTIVITIES

in the workplace can help build trust and enhance employee morale, leading to higher
levels of employee satisfaction and engagement.
In many industries, companies are providing personal protective equipment, conducting
regular safety training, and conducting health and safety audits to minimize the risk of
accidents and injuries in the workplace. In addition, companies are investing in health and
wellness programs to promote healthy habits and reduce the risk of health-related issues
among employees.
Employee satisfaction with regards to safety, health, and welfare is essential for the
success of any organization. A safe and healthy work environment can help to reduce
stress, increase productivity, and improve overall job satisfaction. Moreover, companies
that invest in the safety, health, and welfare of their employees can enhance their
reputation and attract top talent, leading to long-term business success.
Employee welfare is a broad area of social welfare both conceptually and operationally. It
includes a broad field of state of well-being, happiness, satisfaction, conservation, and
human resources development which helps to motivation of employee. Every
Organizations provide welfare facilities to their employees to keep their level of
motivation high. It is necessary to secure the cooperation of employee force to increase
the production and to earn higher profits. The cooperation of employee force is possible
only when they are fully satisfied with their employer and welfare measures provided by
an organisation. The employee welfare schemes can be categorized into two viz. statutory
and non-statutory welfare schemes. The statutory schemes are those facilities that are
compulsory to provide by every organization to all employees as compliance to the laws
governing employee health and safety, these include: canteen facilities, drinking water,
proper and sufficient lighting, facilities for sitting , changing rooms , first aid appliances,
latrines and urinals , rest rooms. Non statutory welfare facilities may include personal
health care, flexitime, employee assistance programs, harassment policy, employee
referral scheme, med-claim insurance scheme. The non-statutory schemes vary from
organization to organization and from industry to industry. The welfare measures play an
important role in every employee, because without welfare measures, they cannot work
effectively in the organization. If people do not want to work, it is impossible for every
organization to attain its goals. The different welfare measures which are provided by the
employer to the employees will have a quick impact on the health, physical, mental

3
[Link] & [Link] Commerce College & Bhaniben Chhimkabhai Patel BBA College
A STUDY ON SATISFACTION TOWARDS EMPLOYEES’ HEALTH SAFETY AND WELFARE ACTIVITIES

efficiency alertness, morale and overall efficiency of the worker, which contributes to the
higher productivity.
Employee satisfaction towards safety, health, and welfare is a crucial aspect of any
workplace environment. This refers to the level of contentment and fulfillment that
employees feel about the measures put in place to ensure their well-being, physical safety,
and mental health at work. The safety, health, and welfare of employees can impact
various aspects of their lives, including their job performance, overall job satisfaction,
and engagement with their work.
A company that prioritizes the safety, health, and welfare of its employees is likely to see
positive outcomes such as increased productivity, reduced absenteeism, and lower
turnover rates. On the other hand, a workplace that neglects the well-being of its
employees can lead to decreased job satisfaction, low morale, and a higher rate of
accidents and injuries.
Therefore, it is essential for companies to implement measures to ensure the safety,
health, and welfare of their employees, and regularly assess their employees' satisfaction
with these measures. This information can then be used to make necessary improvements
and provide a positive and safe work environment for employees.
The Factories Act is a piece of legislation in India that regulates the working conditions in
factories, including the safety, health, and welfare of employees. The Act was enacted in
1948 with the objective of ensuring a safe and healthy working environment for workers
in the factories.
Under the Factories Act, employers are required to take appropriate measures to ensure
the safety and health of their workers, including providing adequate ventilation, lighting,
and sanitation facilities, and ensuring that the work environment is free from hazardous
conditions. The Act also sets out specific requirements for the provision of personal
protective equipment and first-aid facilities, as well as for the maintenance and inspection
of machinery and equipment.
In addition to safety and health requirements, the Factories Act also provides for the
welfare of workers, including the provision of suitable facilities for drinking water,
washing, and resting, as well as for changing and storing clothes. Employers are also
required to make arrangements for the welfare of female workers, including the provision
of suitable seating, rest rooms, and other facilities.

4
[Link] & [Link] Commerce College & Bhaniben Chhimkabhai Patel BBA College
A STUDY ON SATISFACTION TOWARDS EMPLOYEES’ HEALTH SAFETY AND WELFARE ACTIVITIES

The Factories Act is enforced by the Chief Inspector of Factories and the State
Governments, who are empowered to inspect factories, issue notices and directions, and
prosecute employers for non-compliance. The Act is considered to be one of the most
important pieces of legislation in India for the protection of workers' rights, and it is
widely recognized as a benchmark for workplace safety, health, and welfare standards.
Overall, the Factories Act plays an important role in ensuring the safety, health, and
welfare of workers in India, and it serves as a model for other countries seeking to
improve the working conditions in their own factories.
In any industrial setting, the safety, health, and welfare of employees play a critical role in
ensuring a positive and productive work environment. There are several key roles and
responsibilities that are essential for promoting and maintaining the well-being of
employees in an industrial setting. These include:
Employer Responsibility: Employers are responsible for ensuring that their workplace is
safe and healthy for employees, and for providing the necessary resources, training, and
support to maintain a safe and healthy work environment.
Employee Responsibility: Employees also have a role to play in maintaining their own
health, safety, and welfare, and should take an active interest in their own well-being and
the well-being of their colleagues.
Safety Representatives: In many industrial settings, safety representatives are appointed
to represent the interests of employees and to help promote a culture of safety, health, and
well-being. These representatives play a key role in communicating safety concerns,
helping to resolve safety issues, and promoting safe working practices.
Health and Safety Committees: In some industries, health and safety committees may be
established to promote and maintain a safe and healthy work environment. These
committees bring together representatives from management, employees, and other
stakeholders to discuss health and safety issues and make recommendations for
improvement.
Health and Safety Professionals: Health and safety professionals play a critical role in
promoting and maintaining the safety, health, and welfare of employees in an industrial
setting. These professionals may include safety engineers, health and safety managers,
and occupational health nurses, among others.

5
[Link] & [Link] Commerce College & Bhaniben Chhimkabhai Patel BBA College
A STUDY ON SATISFACTION TOWARDS EMPLOYEES’ HEALTH SAFETY AND WELFARE ACTIVITIES

Overall, maintaining the safety, health, and welfare of employees in an industrial setting
requires the collective efforts of employers, employees, safety representatives, health and
safety committees, and health and safety professionals. By working together, these key
stakeholders can create a safe, healthy, and productive work environment for all
employees.
Studies on employee satisfaction with their workplace health, safety, and welfare
activities can provide valuable insights into the well-being and engagement of employees
in a particular organization. Such studies typically involve the administration of surveys
or interviews to gather data on employees' perceptions of the health, safety, and welfare
practices in their workplace.
Some common themes that emerge from studies on employee satisfaction with health,
safety, and welfare activities include:
Importance of Communication: Employees often express the importance of clear and
regular communication from their employer on health, safety, and welfare matters. This
can help employees feel informed and supported in their workplace.
Adequate Resources: Employees are more likely to be satisfied with their workplace
health, safety, and welfare activities if they feel that their employer is providing adequate
resources to support these activities, such as personal protective equipment, first-aid
facilities, and training programs.
Employee Involvement: Employees may be more satisfied with their workplace health,
safety, and welfare activities if they feel that they are able to actively participate in these
activities, such as through health and safety committees, or by providing feedback and
suggestions for improvement.
Health and Safety Culture: A positive health and safety culture in the workplace, where
safety is prioritized and employees feel supported and valued, can contribute to high
levels of satisfaction among employees with their health, safety, and welfare activities.
Senior Management Support: Employees may be more satisfied with their workplace
health, safety, and welfare activities if they perceive that senior management is actively
engaged in and committed to promoting health, safety, and well-being in the workplace.
Overall, studies on employee satisfaction with health, safety, and welfare activities can
provide valuable insights into the well-being and engagement of employees, and can
inform efforts to improve the workplace environment. By understanding what employees

6
[Link] & [Link] Commerce College & Bhaniben Chhimkabhai Patel BBA College
A STUDY ON SATISFACTION TOWARDS EMPLOYEES’ HEALTH SAFETY AND WELFARE ACTIVITIES

value and what contributes to their satisfaction with these activities, organizations can
create a workplace culture that supports and promotes the health, safety, and well-being
of employees.
Employee safety refers to the measures taken to ensure the physical and mental well-
being of employees while they are at work. It is a crucial aspect of workplace health and
safety and is essential for creating a positive and productive work environment.
A safe work environment can improve employee morale, reduce absenteeism and
turnover, and lower the risk of injury, illness, and accidents. To achieve this, employers
must implement a comprehensive safety program that addresses physical, chemical,
biological, and psychological hazards.
Employee health refers to the physical and mental well-being of employees, which is
essential for their overall productivity and quality of life. A healthy workforce is an asset
to any organization, as it can lead to increased employee engagement, reduced
absenteeism, and lower healthcare costs.

1.2 Covid-19 Affect:

Covid 19 has greatly affected the educational institutions and every earning member of a
society. It has hugely affected the economy from all over the world. It is considered as the
largest global recession since the Great Depression. According to the Ministry of
Statistics, India’s growth in the fourth quarter of the fiscal year 2020 decreased to 3.1%.
India’s unemployment rate rose from 6.7% on 15th March, 2020 to 26% on 19th April,
2020. Since the lockdown, approximately 40 crore (140 million) people lost their job and
salaries were reduced for numerous people. The startup businesses suffered due to a huge
fall in their funding. Leading companies like the Aditya Birla Group, Tata Motors, Ultra
Tech Cement have suspended their work temporarily. The Government of India has taken
different initiatives in order to control the situation. The initiatives include supply of food,
more funds for healthcare, extension of tax deadlines and different economic packages
such as ‘Atmanirbhar Bharat’ (seeing India as a self reliant nation) and Garib Kalyan
Rojgar Abhiyan for the daily-wage workers (migrant labourers), who were left with no
work in the midst of the lockdown.

7
[Link] & [Link] Commerce College & Bhaniben Chhimkabhai Patel BBA College
A STUDY ON SATISFACTION TOWARDS EMPLOYEES’ HEALTH SAFETY AND WELFARE ACTIVITIES

1.3 Labour laws:

Labour comes under the concurrent list of the Indian Constitution. Different labour laws
have been created in favour of the labours keeping in mind about the welfare of the
workers. The important laws are: Worker’s Compensation Act, 1923 - This act acts as an
insurance to the employees. It provides salary replacement and medical benefits for the
employee, if he/she gets injured in the course of employment. If the insurance is denied,
he/she can take action against their employers by suing them. The Trade Unions Act,
1926 - This act provides the registration for the Trade Unions. With the help of this act,
grievances of the employees can be represented in front of the employers. This acts as a
protection of the employees against the exploitation of their employers. The Payment of
Wages Act, 1936 - This act helps the employees with their regular payment of wages and
prevents them from any unnecessary deductions from their wages. According to this act,
an employee should receive their salary within 7th of every month if the workforce is
limited to 1000, and 10th of every month in other cases. Industrial Employment (Standing
Orders) Act, 1946 - This act was created to explain the terms and conditions of
employment. In case of any disagreement, this law acts as the collective voice for the
employees. It also ensures the conditions of service. Indian Industrial Disputes Act, 1947
- Industrial disputes include differences between one employer with another employer or
one employee with another employee or between an employer and an employee. With the
help of this act, all the disputes can be settled through negotiations. Minimum Wages Act,
1948 - This act gives both the central and the state government the authority to fix a
minimum wage for the workers. If any wages paid to the employees are found to be less
than the fixed minimum wage, it would be considered as forced labour. This act makes
sure that the employees can meet their basic needs and have enough to support their
families. Other acts include:
• Factories Act, 1948
• Maternity Benefits Act, 1961
• Payment of Bonus Act, 1965
• MRTU and PULP Act, 1971
• The Payments of Gratuity Act, 1972
• Unorganised Workers’ Social Security Act, 2009

8
[Link] & [Link] Commerce College & Bhaniben Chhimkabhai Patel BBA College
A STUDY ON SATISFACTION TOWARDS EMPLOYEES’ HEALTH SAFETY AND WELFARE ACTIVITIES

• Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace Act, 2013

1.4 FACTORIES ACT:

According to the Factories Act,1948, a 'factory' means "any premises including the
precincts thereof - (i) whereon ten or more workers are working, or were working on any
day of the preceding twelve months, and in any part of which a manufacturing process is
being carried on with the aid of power, or is ordinarily so carried on, or (ii) whereon
twenty or more workers are working, or were working on any day of the preceding twelve
months, and in any part of which a manufacturing process is being carried on without the
aid of power, or is ordinarily so carried on; but this does not include a mine subject to the
operation of the Mines Act, 1952 , or a mobile unit belonging to the armed forces of the
union, a railway running shed or a hotel, restaurant or eating place."
The Factories Act, 1948 (Act No. 63 of 1948), as amended by the Factories (Amendment)
Act, 1987 (Act 20 of 1987)), serves to assist in formulating national policies in India with
respect to occupational safety and health in factories and docks in India. It deals with
various problems concerning safety, health, efficiency and well-being of the persons at
work places.
The Act is administered by the Ministry of Labor and Employment in India through its
Directorate General Factory Advice Service & Labor Institutes (DGFASLI) and by the
State Governments through their factory inspectorates. DGFASLI advices the Central and
State Governments on administration of the Factories Act and coordinating =the factory
inspection services in the States.
The Act is applicable to any factory whereon ten or more workers are working, or were
working on any day of the preceding twelve months, and in any part of which a
manufacturing process is being carried on with the aid of power, or is ordinarily so
carried on, or whereon twenty or more workers are working, or were working on any day
of the preceding twelve months, and in any part of which a manufacturing process is
being carried on without the aid of power, or is ordinarily so carried on; but this does not
include a mine, or a mobile unit belonging to the armed forces of the union, a railway
running shed or a hotel, restaurant or eating place.

9
[Link] & [Link] Commerce College & Bhaniben Chhimkabhai Patel BBA College
A STUDY ON SATISFACTION TOWARDS EMPLOYEES’ HEALTH SAFETY AND WELFARE ACTIVITIES

In the wake of Covid 19, many of these labour laws have been relaxed in favour of the
employers and the investors to boost the economy, but it can lead to the violation of the
laws. These laws help the employees to worEmployee satisfaction with health and safety
welfare activities is a crucial aspect of organizational success. The health and safety of
employees are important concerns for every employer, and organizations that invest in the
well-being of their employees often experience a range of benefits, including increased
productivity, reduced absenteeism, and higher job satisfaction.
Health and safety welfare activities may include a variety of initiatives such as workplace
safety training, provision of personal protective equipment, health and wellness programs,
ergonomic assessments, and access to healthcare services. These activities are designed to
create a safe and healthy work environment for employees, thereby reducing the risk of
injury or illness, and enhancing employee satisfaction.
Employee satisfaction towards health and safety welfare activities can be measured
through various methods, such as surveys, focus groups, and interviews. By gathering
feedback from employees, organizations can identify areas for improvement and make
changes to enhance the effectiveness of their health and safety welfare activities. Overall,
prioritizing employee health and safety is essential for creating a positive work culture
and promoting the long-term success of an organization.
In conclusion, the satisfaction of employees with regards to their safety, health, and
welfare is a critical issue that should be taken into consideration by all organizations.
Companies that prioritize the well-being of their employees are likely to experience
improved employee satisfaction, engagement, and business outcomes.
Clear and Transparent Communication: Employees want clear and transparent
communication from their employers about the health safety and welfare activities being
undertaken. This includes information about safety protocols, emergency procedures, and
any changes or updates related to health and safety.
Adequate Training and Education: Employers should provide adequate training and
education to employees to ensure they understand and can implement health and safety
protocols effectively. This can include training on proper use of personal protective
equipment, hand washing techniques, and proper cleaning and sanitizing procedures.
Support for Mental Health: Employees want employers to provide support for their
mental health, including access to counseling and resources for stress management. This

10
[Link] & [Link] Commerce College & Bhaniben Chhimkabhai Patel BBA College
A STUDY ON SATISFACTION TOWARDS EMPLOYEES’ HEALTH SAFETY AND WELFARE ACTIVITIES

is especially important during times of uncertainty and change, such as during a

pandemic.
Safe and Healthy Work Environment: Employees want to work in a safe and healthy
environment. This includes regular cleaning and disinfecting of work areas, proper
ventilation, and ergonomic workstations.
Adequate Resources: Employers should provide adequate resources to support health
safety and welfare activities, including personal protective equipment, hand sanitizers,
and cleaning supplies.
Recognition and Appreciation: Employees want to feel valued and appreciated for their
efforts to maintain health safety and welfare activities. This can include recognition
programs or incentives for employees who go above and beyond to promote health and
safety in the workplace.
Overall, employee satisfaction towards health safety and welfare activities can be
improved by clear and transparent communication, adequate training and education,
support for mental health, a safe and healthy work environment, adequate resources, and
recognition and appreciation.
The Industrial Disputes Act (IDA) of 1947 is a central legislation in India that regulates
the resolution of industrial disputes between employers and employees. The Act applies
to all industrial establishments that employ at least 100 workers, and provides for the
constitution of industrial tribunals and labor courts to adjudicate disputes.
The Act also provides for the establishment of labor unions and confers upon them the
right to represent the interests of workers in collective bargaining negotiations with
employers. The Act also provides for the settlement of disputes through conciliation, and
allows for strikes and lockouts under certain circumstances.
Under the IDA, employers are required to maintain certain human resource policies and
procedures, including the following:
Notice of Change: Employers are required to give workers notice of any changes to their
terms and conditions of employment. This includes changes to wages, hours of work, and
other employment-related matters.
Retrenchment: Employers are required to follow specific procedures when retrenching
workers, including providing notice of termination and compensation.

11
[Link] & [Link] Commerce College & Bhaniben Chhimkabhai Patel BBA College
A STUDY ON SATISFACTION TOWARDS EMPLOYEES’ HEALTH SAFETY AND WELFARE ACTIVITIES

Layoffs: Employers are required to follow specific procedures when laying off workers,
including providing notice and compensation.
Grievance Procedures: Employers are required to establish grievance procedures to
resolve disputes between workers and management.
Working Hours: The Act specifies the maximum number of working hours per day and
per week, and requires that workers be provided with a weekly day of rest.
Wages: The Act provides for the payment of minimum wages, and requires that workers
be paid for overtime work.
Health and Safety: Employers are required to provide a safe and healthy work
environment for their employees, and to take steps to prevent accidents and occupational
hazards.
Overall, the Industrial Disputes Act of 1947 provides a framework for the regulation of
labor relations in India, and sets out specific requirements for employers with respect to
human resource policies and procedures.
The COVID-19 pandemic has brought a renewed focus on employee safety and welfare
activities in workplaces around the world. Here are some of the key measures that
employers have taken to promote employee safety and welfare during the COVID-19
pandemic:
Workplace Health and Safety Protocols: Employers have implemented workplace health
and safety protocols to prevent the spread of COVID-19. This includes regular cleaning
and disinfecting of work areas, providing hand sanitizers and masks, and enforcing social
distancing measures.
Remote Work: Many employers have implemented remote work policies to minimize the
risk of exposure to COVID-19 in the workplace. This has involved providing employees
with the necessary technology and support to work from home effectively.
Employee Communication: Employers have increased communication with employees to
keep them informed about workplace safety protocols and changes related to the
pandemic. This has included regular updates via email, newsletters, and internal
communication channels.
Mental Health Support: The pandemic has had a significant impact on employee mental
health. Many employers have implemented programs and resources to support employees'

12
[Link] & [Link] Commerce College & Bhaniben Chhimkabhai Patel BBA College
A STUDY ON SATISFACTION TOWARDS EMPLOYEES’ HEALTH SAFETY AND WELFARE ACTIVITIES

mental health, such as counseling services, wellness programs, and employee assistance
programs.
Flexible Work Arrangements: Employers have implemented flexible work arrangements
to support employees who are struggling with the demands of the pandemic. This has
included flexible work hours, job sharing, and extended leaves of absence.
Sick Leave Policies: Employers have revised their sick leave policies to support
employees who are unable to work due to COVID-19. This has included providing paid
sick leave, expanding sick leave benefits, and allowing employees to use sick leave to
care for family members.
Vaccination Programs: Many employers have implemented COVID-19 vaccination
programs to promote employee health and safety. This has involved providing employees
with information about vaccination, offering on-site vaccination clinics, and providing
time off to get vaccinated.
Overall, employers have taken a range of measures to promote employee safety and
welfare during the COVID-19 pandemic. These measures have included workplace health
and safety protocols, remote work, employee communication, mental health support,
flexible work arrangements, sick leave policies, and vaccination programs.

1.5 Contemporary issues:

There are several contemporary issues surrounding the satisfaction of employee safety,
health, and welfare activities, including:
Workplace Health and Safety during COVID-19: The COVID-19 pandemic has raised
significant concerns regarding the safety and well-being of employees. Employers have
had to implement safety measures, such as social distancing, personal protective
equipment (PPE), and sanitization practices, to ensure the safety of their employees.
Mental Health in the Workplace: Mental health has become an increasingly important
issue in the workplace. Employers have recognized the importance of addressing mental
health issues, such as stress, anxiety, and depression, and have implemented programs
and policies to support employees' mental health.

13
[Link] & [Link] Commerce College & Bhaniben Chhimkabhai Patel BBA College
A STUDY ON SATISFACTION TOWARDS EMPLOYEES’ HEALTH SAFETY AND WELFARE ACTIVITIES

Work-Life Balance: Work-life balance has become a significant concern for many
employees. Employers have implemented policies, such as flexible work arrangements
and paid time off, to help employees balance their work and personal lives.
Workplace Violence: Workplace violence has become a growing concern for many
employers. Employers have implemented training programs and policies to address
workplace violence, such as zero-tolerance policies and workplace violence prevention
programs.
Diversity and Inclusion: Employers have recognized the importance of diversity and
inclusion in the workplace. Employers have implemented policies and programs to
address issues related to diversity and inclusion, such as bias training and employee
resource groups.
Overall, employers must prioritize the safety, health, and welfare of their employees to
maintain a satisfied and productive workforce. By addressing these contemporary issues,
employers can ensure that their employees feel valued, supported, and safe in their
workplace.

To reduce the rate of accidents reported every year at work, the United State (US) enacted
a law to oversee the safety and health of workers at various workplaces in 1970, known as
Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA). The act was enacted purposely to ensure
that employers provide safe working environment for all employees. The importance of
human safety and good health cannot be overemphasized or overestimated. Before the
existence of OSHA, the National Environmental Protection Policy Act of 1969 became
the basis of the environmental protection in the US. This chapter provides the overview of
the book on safety and health for workers from research and practical application
perspectives.

1.6 Role of Employees in ensuring their own Safety:

By comparing two types of models on safety, Robens (1972) offers a challenge to the
traditional approach to safety in the workplace, known as the ‘careless worker’ model. In
this model, employers assumed that most of the accidents were due to the employee’s
failure to take safety seriously, or failing to protect themselves. In his report, he

14
[Link] & [Link] Commerce College & Bhaniben Chhimkabhai Patel BBA College
A STUDY ON SATISFACTION TOWARDS EMPLOYEES’ HEALTH SAFETY AND WELFARE ACTIVITIES

recognized that the ‘careless worker’ model does not explain occupational ill-health
caused by toxic substances, noise and badly designed and unsafe systems of work. A new
approach to occupational health and safety, the ‘shared responsibility’ model assumes that
the best way to reduce levels of occupational accidents and disease relies on the
cooperation of both employers and employees. In order to maintain a safe and healthy
work place, workers and supervisors must be taught to keep a health and safety mind set.
Such mindedness does not always accompany the acquisition of skill or knowledge on
equipment operation. Most persons learn how to drive an automobile, for example, with
relatively little difficulty. An attitude of maturity is however, necessary. Though
employers are required to design and maintain safe and healthy systems of work, the
concomitant duty of the employee is to behave in a manner that safeguards his or her own
health and that of his/her co-workers.

1.7 Role of Administration in Health and Safety Legislation:

Early research by psychologists and sociologists examined individual dispositions and

social causes utilizing disciplinary frameworks in developing concepts and theoretical
insights into Occupational Health and Safety . The findings were enhanced by the results
of workplace surveys by industrial relations specialists that drew attention to the
importance of legislation and innovative non-regulatory as well as regulatory strategies .
The concern for health and safety has been there in history. Early researchers were
concerned about theoretical insights into employee health and safety. Surveys which were
done later focused on the importance of legislation. In technical questions pertaining to
workplace health and safety, there is the social element. That is, for example, the power
relations in production: who tells whom to do what and how fast. After all, a machine
does not go faster by itself; someone designed the machinery, organized the work, and
designed the job. This implies that ‘health and safety is not simply a technical issue such
as supplying hard hats and goggles or ensuring adequate ventilation, because it raises the
question of economic costs and power relations’ This is true of all institutions including
schools. A review conducted by the Health and Safety Commission (HSC) under health
and safety regulation in 1994 revealed that people were confused about the differences
between; Guidance, Approved Codes of Practices and Regulations. The commission went

15
[Link] & [Link] Commerce College & Bhaniben Chhimkabhai Patel BBA College
A STUDY ON SATISFACTION TOWARDS EMPLOYEES’ HEALTH SAFETY AND WELFARE ACTIVITIES

ahead to provide a way out of this confusion. The results included what health and safety
law requires. The Health and Safety at Work Act of 1974, sets out the duties which
employers have towards employees and members of the public, and also the duties of
employers to themselves and to each other. Legislation applies to employers and
employees. The legislation at the national level is supposed to be made part of domestic
law by employers (HSE, 2003/2008). In India, for an employer to meet the legal
requirements, he or she must provide labour welfare facilities . The two stated that labour
health, safety and welfare activities are necessary for improving employee working
conditions, economic and living standards. They were very quick to point out that in the
olden days, employers suppressed the worker by paying less salary and extracting more
work in an unsatisfactory working environment. With the birth of the “Regulation and
Employment Act” of 1948, employers were required to provide satisfactory working
environment. The Safety, Health, and Welfare at Work Act of 2005 repealed and replaced
the Safety, Health and Welfare at work Act of 1989. The purpose of the former was to
make further provision for the safety, health and welfare of persons at work. The act
clarifies and enhances the responsibilities of employers, the self-employed, employees
and other parties in relation to safety and health at work. It also provides a range of
enforcement measures that may be applied, and specifies penalties that may be applied for
breach of occupational safety and health laws (Safety, Health, and Welfare at Work Act
of 2005, accessed, 2015). Many states have passed the ‘right to know’ legislation that
guarantees individual workers the right to know of hazardous substances in the
workplace, and requires employers to inform employees of the same (Anthony et al.,
2007). There are state and federal laws to protect the welfare of the worker. The major
one is the Occupational and Safety Health Act (OSHA), which became effective in 1971,
whose purpose is “to assure” as far as possible, every working woman and man in the
nation safe and healthy working conditions, and to preserve our human resources.” To
accomplish this, there are provisions for safety and health standards, research,
information, and education and training in occupational safety and health . OSHA is
comprehensive, covering such things as record keeping, inspection, compliance, and
enforcement of safety standards. It lists over 5000 safety and health standards, ranging
from density of particle in the air to the height at which a fire extinguisher is to be
mounted . On the same note, in the 1960s, white collar trade unions pressed for health and

16
[Link] & [Link] Commerce College & Bhaniben Chhimkabhai Patel BBA College
A STUDY ON SATISFACTION TOWARDS EMPLOYEES’ HEALTH SAFETY AND WELFARE ACTIVITIES

safety legislation to be extended to cover employees in laboratories, education, hospitals

and local government.

1.8 Human Resource Activity towards employee:

Human resource activity plays an important role in ensuring the health, safety, and
welfare of employees in the workplace. Here are a few examples of human resource
activities related to employees' health, safety, and welfare:
Developing Health and Safety Policies: Human resource professionals can work with
other stakeholders in the organization to develop and implement health and safety policies
that promote a safe and healthy work environment. These policies can address issues such
as workplace hazards, accident prevention, and emergency preparedness.
Training and Education: Human resource professionals can provide training and
education to employees on topics such as workplace safety, health and wellness, and
stress management. This can help employees to recognize and avoid potential hazards, as
well as understand their rights and responsibilities regarding health and safety in the
workplace.
Providing Employee Benefits: Human resource professionals can ensure that employees
have access to health and wellness benefits, such as health insurance, employee assistance
programs, and wellness initiatives. These benefits can promote employee health and well-
being and help to reduce absenteeism and turnover.
Compliance and Reporting: Human resource professionals can ensure that the
organization is in compliance with relevant laws and regulations related to health, safety,
and welfare. This can include reporting workplace injuries or illnesses, conducting
workplace inspections, and ensuring that the workplace is free from harassment and
discrimination.

In conclusion, the trend towards promoting employee health, safety, and welfare is likely
to continue as companies recognize the benefits of such investments for their employees
and their business. Ensuring the safety, health, and welfare of employees is crucial for
any organization. By prioritizing these factors, organizations can create a positive and
productive work environment, which can lead to increased job satisfaction and retention.

17
[Link] & [Link] Commerce College & Bhaniben Chhimkabhai Patel BBA College
A STUDY ON SATISFACTION TOWARDS EMPLOYEES’ HEALTH SAFETY AND WELFARE ACTIVITIES

Human resource professionals play an important role in promoting employee health,

safety, and welfare through activities such as developing health and safety policies,
providing employee benefits, and training and education.
However, there can also be contemporary issues related to employee health, safety, and
welfare, such as reduced productivity, financial costs, compliance with regulations,
employee turnover, and decreased morale. It is important for organizations to be aware of
these issues and take steps to address them, such as implementing safety protocols,
providing employee benefits, and creating a positive work culture.
Overall, prioritizing employee health, safety, and welfare can benefit both the
organization and its employees. By creating a safe and healthy work environment,
organizations can improve productivity and reduce costs, while also promoting employee
well-being and job satisfaction.

18
[Link] & [Link] Commerce College & Bhaniben Chhimkabhai Patel BBA College