Introduction to Information
and Communication
Technology
Today’s content
Number
system
Hexadecima
Decimal Binary Octal
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Forward
Backward
Today’s content
Number
system
Hexadecima
Decimal Binary Octal
l
Forward
Backward
Positional
Notation
Continuing with our
example…
642 in base 10 positional
notation is:
Binary numbers (other bases)
Decimal is base 10 and has 10 digits:
0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9
Binary is base 2 and has 2, so we use only 2 symbols:
0,1
Binary and computer
Digital computers are made up of electronic
circuits, which have exactly 2 states: ON and OFF.
Computers use a numbering system which
has exactly 2 symbols, representing on and off.
Binary and computer
A binary digit or bit can take on only these two values.
Low Voltage = 0
High Voltage = 1 (all bits have 0 or
1)
Binary numbers are built by concatenating a string of
bits together.
Example: 10101010
Convert Decimal
to other bases
Rule:
Divide
• Decimal number divided by base (2)
• Decimal number divided by base (8)
• Decimal number divided by base (16)
Converting
decimal to other
bases (Binary)
Method 1 (LCM)
*Applicable to all other bases
Decimal to
other bases
(octal)
[Link] the number by 8.
[Link] the integer quotient
for the next iteration.
[Link] the remainder for
the octal digit.
[Link] the steps until
the quotient is equal to 0.
Method 2 (use table)
*Applicable to all other bases
Decimal to
other bases
(hexadecimal)
[Link] the number by 16.
[Link] the integer quotient
for the next iteration.
[Link] the remainder for
the hex digit.
[Link] the steps until
the quotient is equal to 0.
Other bases
to Decimal
•Rule: Multiply
• Binary number * base 2 -> decimal (base 10)
• Octal number * base 8-> decimal (base 10)
• Hex number * base 16-> decimal (base 10)
Binary to decimal
1110012 = 1x25+1x24+1x23+0x22+0x21+1x20
= 5710
1. 37 in base 8 is equal to each digit multiplied
with its corresponding 8n:
378 = 3×81+7×80
= 24+7
= 31
Octal to 2. 7014 in base 8 is equal to each digit multiplied
with its corresponding power of 8:
decimal 70148 = 7×83+0×82+1×81+4×80
= 3584+0+8+4
= 3596
Hex to decimal
1. 3B in base 16 is equal to each digit multiplied with its corresponding 16n:
3B16 = 3×161+11×160
= 48+11
= 5910
2. E7A9 in base 16 is equal to each digit multiplied with its corresponding
16n:
E7A916 = 14×163+7×162+10×161+9×160
= 57344+1792+160+9
= 5930510
Binary to Octal
Rule:
group the bits
Convert binary 11011002 to octal:
Convert every 3 binary bits (from bit0) to octal
digit:
23=8 (octal)
So, divide the binary into 3 binary bits
(1101100)2
=1 101 100
=1x20 1x22+0x21+1x20 1x22+0x21+0x20
= 1x0 1x4+0x2+1x1 1x4+0x2+0x1
=1 4+0+1 4+0+0
=1 5 4
= (154)8
Convert binary 11011002 to hexadecimal:
Convert every 4 binary bits (from bit0) to hex
digit:
24=16 (hex)
So, divide the binary into 4 binary bits
Binary to (1101100)2
hexadeci = 110 1100
mal Rule: = 1x22+1x21+0x20
= 1x4+1x2+0x1
1x23 +1x22+0x21+0x20
1x8+1x4+0x2+0x1
group the = 4+2+0 8+4+0+0
bits =6
=6 C
12
=(6C)16
Any Question?
