FOUNDATIONS OF SPECIAL EDUCATION
AND INCLUSIVE EDUCATION
THE FRAMEWORK OF
INCLUSIVE
EDUCATION
DR. ADELAILA J. LEAÑO
Philippine Normal University North Luzon Campus
INTRODUCTION
Corresponding to the demand of our Constitution, Presidential Decree
No. 603, and the RA 7277 or Magna Carta for Persons with Disability, the State
must support the right of all its citizens to quality education no matter what
their conditions are.
Senate Bill No. 1414 seeks to make education inclusive and available to
each Filipino child by instituting a framework for special needs education
implementation nationwide.
The law organizes INCLUSIVE EDUCATION learning resource centers,
which serve as a source of suitable instructional materials, tools, devices,
gadgets, and equipment to guarantee that learners with special needs are
properly supported to learn together with their peers
INTRODUCTION
Through this module, you are expected to perceive the essentials of the
framework in the successful implementation of Inclusive Education in the
country.
It is hoped that your awareness and interest be built up in addressing
learning concerns of students with additional needs in the general/regular
education settings (Commission on Higher Education Memorandum Order 77,
series 2017).
Learning activities are included to enable you to understand Inclusive
Education and its vital provisions in responding to the diverse needs of learners.
CONTENT INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of the lesson, you are expected to:
1. Express appreciation of the meaning and importance
of Inclusive Education.
2. Show understanding of the policies and goals of
Inclusive Education.
3. Determine how Inclusive Education work to make
education accessible and equitable among Filipino
children and youth.
Activity: Interview 2-3 learners of the past Philippine curricula.
Based from
interviews,
describe the
learning
experiences of
the leaners in
terms of
strategy,
classroom
management and
instructional The past Philippine Educational System
materials.
How to
Solve?
Put the star into the box through the round hole
Analysis
How were
learners’
development
being managed in
a national
curriculum in the
following
aspects?
- academics
- non-academics
Inclusive Education
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[Link]
Foundations of Inclusive Education
Inclusiveness of Republic Act 10533
THE DEPARTMENT Where are we 22 years after the
OF EDUCATION Salamanca conference?
VISION
We dream of
Filipinos who
passionately love
their country and
whose values and
competencies enable
them to realize their
full potential and
contribute
meaningfully to
building the nation. Inclusive education remains a challenge.
Loden’s Diversity
Wheel
Filipino
Proverb
Kung gusto,
maraming paraan.
Kung ayaw,
maraming dahilan.
Is your answer Yes or
No? •Can you walk?
•Are you heterosexual?
•Is your mother tongue Tagalog?
•Can you speak English fluently?
•Are you younger than 55?
•Did you graduate from a
university based in NCR?
•Are you Catholic/ Christian?
•Are you male?
•Are you mestizo/mestiza/half
Caucasian?
•Do you own a car?
Inclusion is not privileging certain identities.
Disability and
non-disability
are socially
constructed.
Inclusion
as a
mindset
Challenges to an Inclusive Education Teacher
The DepEd Vision
Let us analyze our learners…
We dream of
Filipinos who
passionately love
their country and
whose values and
competencies
enable them to
realize their full
potential and
contribute
meaningfully to
building the nation.
QUESTION:
How does Inclusive
Education work for
diverse learners?
Questions:
•How do learners perceive
schooling?
•Based from this picture,
how does inclusive schools
respond to the needs and
difficulties of learners?
THE DILEMMA OF DIFFERENCE
A dilemma is a choice between two alternatives but neither is favorable
OR….
“… we focus on the limitations of difference”
Discrimination
OR….
“we ignore the limitations of difference”
Let us see how discrimination may happen…
You are challenged to be among the teachers
who:
• collaborate
• support each other
• are agentic
• are willing to be flexible
• resourceful
• are aware of their own biases
• care
What is Inclusive Education?
Creating an educational environment that
guarantees the participation of all learners in
the learning process and ensures their
academic and social development to
empower them to contribute to a better
future for all in an inclusive society
(Demyttenaere, 2017)..
Inclusive education is about….
•Encouraging Presence in education
•Promoting Participation in the learning process
•Assuring Achievement academically and socially
The Inclusive Education Framework (Demyttenaere, 2017).
In the past, this was how our educational system looks like.
Let us visualize…
How to
Solve?
Put the star into the box through the round hole
How were the learners being managed in a national curriculum?
INSANITY
…the belief that
one can get
different results
by doing the
same thing.
What is Inclusive Education trying to achieve?
Inclusion means
dealing with the
box.
Inclusion means
accepting the
uniqueness of
the star.
What then is Inclusive Education?
A process of addressing and responding to the diverse
needs of all learners through increasing participation in
learning, cultures and communities, and reducing
exclusion within and from education.
A process where all types of learners with diverse needs
are given equal opportunities for a meaningful life in
non-discriminatory environments. These environments
foster belongingness through culturally/spiritually
sensitive, learner-centered curriculum, learning
processes, delivery modes, and settings.
How does Inclusion works in IE?
Inclusion describes the process by which a school
accepts children with special needs for enrolment in
regular classes where they can learn side with their
peers.
Inclusionimplements and maintains warm and
accepting classroom communities that embrace
and respect diversity of differences.
Inclusion implements multi-level,
multimodality curriculum.
How does Inclusion works in IE?
Prepares regular teachers and special education
teachers to teach interactively.
Provides continuous support for teachers to break
down barriers of professional isolation.
Inclusion involves parents, families and significant
others in planning meaningful ways for students with
special needs to learn in regular class with their
peers.
End of
presentation…
Thank
you
and
God
