Circular tube with walls of nonuniform roughness; stabilized flow; Diagram
Re > R q (for R q , see Diagram 2-3) [114]. Also see Fig. 2-3 2-4
AP - 1
A= -
(pw;/2)(//Dh) [2 ig (2.51/Re Ji + A/3.7)]
or within the limits of = 0.00008-0.0125:
A = 0.11 (Z +325 see graph a
for A, see Table 2-1.
At A < BlimDn,for A see Diagram 2-1; for slim see graph b as a function o f Re.
Circular tube with walls of nonuniform roughness; stabilized flow; Diagram
Re > Re2 (for Rez, see Diagram 2-3) [114]. Also see Fig. 2-3 2-4
Values of h
A Re
A=-
Dh 3 x lo3 4 x lo3 6 x l o 3 lo4 2 X lo4 4 X lo4 6 X lo4 los 2 X lo5
Values of h
Circular tube with rough walls; stabilized flow; regime Diagram
of quadratic resistance law (Reli, > 5601s) [65, 1321 2-5
for A, see Table 2-1.
Tubes of rectangular, elliptical, and other types of cross section; Diagram
stabilized flow [56, 1051 2-6
where A is determined as for circular tubes from Diagrams 2-1
through 2-5
Shape of tube (conduit)
cross section and schematic Correction factor k,,
( Laminar regime (Re < 2000, curve 1)
Rectangle:
Turbulent regime (Re > 2000, curve 2)
knon~=k,,,l.10 1.08 1.06 1.04 1.02 1.01 1.0
Trapezoid:
k,,, is determined in approximately the same way as
for a rectangle
Tubes of rectangular, elliptical, and other types of cross section; Diagram
stabilized flow [56, 1051 2-6
-- -
Shape of the tube (conduit)
cross section and schematic Correction factor knon+
Circle with one or two recesses.
Star-shaped circle
-@-@-
knon.,= k,,, = kSt = 1.0
-@+ -. / /
Ellipse
knOn-. = k1.1 = ey
Laminar regime (Re i2000):
8 + ($11 see graph b
3 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0
a0
- e kell 1.21 1.16 1.11 1.08 1.05 1.03 1.02 1.01 1.01 1.0
4a0bo kell
Dh
1.5(a,, + b , ) - a
More precisely: fl
Dh = naobo
0.983a0 + 0.311b0 + 0.287bi/ao
Turbulent regime (Re > 2000); kell = 1.0
