BCD Counter and 74LS90 Overview
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ScribdTranslationsBCD Counter and 74LS90 Overview
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ScribdTranslationsDecimal counter from 0 to 9
Digital counters count up from zero to
a predetermined counting value when applying a signal
of the clock. Once the counting value is reached, their resetting returns
the counter to zero to restart.
A decadal counter counts in a sequence of ten then returns to
zero after the count of nine. Obviously, to count up to a
binary value of nine, the counter must have at least four flip-flops
in his chain to represent each decimal digit as indicated.
State diagram of the BCD counter
Then, a decade counter has four flip-flops and 16 potential states,
only 10 are used and if we connect a series of
together, we could count up to 100 or 1,000 or
up to the final number that we choose.
The total number of accounts that a counter can also count is
called hisMODULE. A counter that resets to zero after counts is
called a modulo-n counter, for example a modulo-8 counter (MOD-
8) or modulo-16 (MOD-16), etc., and for an "n bits counter", the range
The complete account is from 0 to 2n-1.
But as we saw in the tutorial on counters
asynchronous, that a counter which resets after ten counts with a
counting sequence of division by 10 of 0000 binary (decimal '0')
1001 (decimal "9") is called a "binary-coded decimal counter".
a BCD counter can be constructed as a MOD-10 counter.
the help of a minimum of four toggle switches.
It is called a BCD counter because its ten-state sequence is that of a
BCD code does not have a regular pattern, unlike a binary counter.
simple. Then, a single-stage BCD counter such as the 74LS90 counts from
0 decimal to 9 decimal and is therefore capable of counting up to a maximum
of nine impulses. Also note that a digital counter can
counting up or down or counting both up and down
(bidirectional) based on an input control signal.
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The binary coded decimal is a 8421 code composed of four digits.
binaries. The designation 8421 refers to the binary weight of the four
numbers or bits used. For example, 2 =38, 2 = 4,2 2 = 2 and
1
2 = 1. The
0
The main advantage of BCD code is that it allows for easy conversion between
the decimal and binary forms of numbers.
The BCD counter 74LS90
The 74LS90 integrated circuit is essentially a MOD-10 decade counter.
10 which produces a BCD output code. The 74LS90 consists of four
JK master-slave flip-flops connected internally to provide a counter
MOD-2 (counting to 2) and a MOD-5 counter (counting to 5). The 74LS90
has an independent toggle JK flip-flop controlled by the CLK input
There are three JK flip-flops that form a controlled asynchronous counter.
by the input CLK B, as illustrated.
BCD Counter 74LS90
The four outputs of the meters are designated by the letter
symbolQ with a numerical index equal to the binary weight of the bit
corresponding in the code of BCD counters. Thus, by
example,QA,QB,QCetQD. The counting sequence of 74LS90 is
triggered on the descending edge of the clock signal, that is to say when
the clock signal CLK goes from logical 1 (HIGH) to logical 0 (LOW).
The additional input pins1etR2are counter-couplings
reset", while the entriesS1etS2are set pins
When connected to logic 1, the inputs of
resetR1etR2reset the counter to zero, 0 (0000), and when
the reset entries1etS2are connected to logic 1, they
putting the counter to maximum, or 9 (1001) regardless of the number or
the actual counting position.
As we mentioned earlier, the 74LS90 counter consists of
of a counter divider by 2 and a counter divider by 5 in the same
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housing. Then, we can use either meter to produce
a frequency counter divided by 2 only, a counter of
frequency divided by 5 only or both together to produce
our BCD counter divided by 10 desired.
With the four flip-flops constituting the division counter section.
5 disabled, if a clock signal is applied to input pin 14
(CLKA) and the output taken from pin 12 (QA), we can
produce a standard division -by-2 binary counter to be used in the
frequency division circuits as shown.
Counter divider by 10 74LS90
Then, we can see that the BCD counters are counters
binaries that count from 0000 to 1001, then reset because they have the
ability to erase all its toggles after the ninth count. If we
connect a push-button switch (SW1) at the entrance
of the clockAevery time the push-button switch is
released, the counter will count by one. If we have connected diodes
electroluminescent (LED) at the terminals of
sortie,QA,QB,QCetQDas indicated, we can visualize the
binary coded decimal as it unfolds.
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Decade counter 74LS90 BCD
The successive applications of the push-button switch-
pushbutton1will increase the count to nine, 1001. At the tenth
application, the outputs ABCD will be reset to start a
new counting sequence. With such a round number of pulses
MOD-10, we can use the decade counter to drive a
digital display.
If we want to display the counting sequence using a display at
seven segments, the BCD output must be decoded appropriately
before it can be displayed. A digital circuit capable of decoding the
four outputs from our BCD 74LS90 and light up the segments
the display requirement is called adecoder.
Drive a screen
Fortunately for us, someone has already designed and developed
a BCD to 7-segment display decoder such as the 74LS47 for
do exactly that. The 74LS47 has four inputs for the digits
BCDA, B, CetDet of the outputs for each of the display segments at
seven segments.
Note that a standard 7-segment LED display usually has eight
input connections, one for each LED segment and one that acts as
a terminal or a common connection for all display segments
internes. Some screens also have a decimal point (DP) option.
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74LS47 BCD to 7-segment driver
The 74LS47 display decoder receives the BCD code and generates the signals.
necessary to activate the appropriate LED segments responsible for displaying the
number of applied pulses. As the 74LS47 decoder is designed
to control a common anode display, a LOW output (logic-0)
light up a LED segment while a HIGH output (logical-1)
will deactivate. For normal operation, the LT (Test of
lamp), BI/RBO (Blanking Input/Ripple Blanking Output) and RBI (Ripple
Blanking Input) must all be open or connected to logic 1
HIGH
Note that if the 74LS47 has active LOW outputs and is designed for
decode a common anode 7-segment LED display, the IC
The 74LS48 decoder/driver is exactly the same, except that it has outputs.
HIGH actives designed to decode a common cathode 7-segment display
community. Thus, depending on the type of 7-segment LED display you
dispose, you may need a 74LS47 decoder IC or
74LS48.
The binary-coded decimal inputs 74LS47 can be connected
to the corresponding outputs of the BCD counter 74LS90 to display the
counting sequence on the 7-segment display as indicated at
whenever the push button SW1 is pressed. By changing the
the position of the push button and the 1kΩ resistor, the count can be
modified during the activation or release of the push-button SW1.
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4-bit final BCD counter circuit
Note that a 7-segment display is made up of seven diodes.
individual electroluminescent elements to form the display. The best
method to limit the current through a seven-segment display
consists of using a current limiting resistor in series with
each of the seven LEDs, as indicated. But we can do it from
two ways.
Clock signal assembly
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