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Transistor Configuration and Characteristics

The document discusses the characteristics and configurations of transistors, including input, output, and current transfer characteristics for different configurations: Common Emitter, Common Base, and Common Collector. Each configuration has unique features and current gain relationships, with specific input and output characteristics. The document also includes details on the analysis of CE amplifiers and the relationship between current gains in different configurations.

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shraddhadebnath54
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33 views24 pages

Transistor Configuration and Characteristics

The document discusses the characteristics and configurations of transistors, including input, output, and current transfer characteristics for different configurations: Common Emitter, Common Base, and Common Collector. Each configuration has unique features and current gain relationships, with specific input and output characteristics. The document also includes details on the analysis of CE amplifiers and the relationship between current gains in different configurations.

Uploaded by

shraddhadebnath54
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Transistor Characteristics

• Input Characteristics: The curve describes the changes in the values of input
current with the variation in the values of input voltage keeping the output
voltage constant.

• Output Characteristics: The curve is got by plotting the output current against
output voltage keeping the input current constant.

• Current Transfer Characteristics: This characteristic curve describes the variation


of output current in accordance with the input current, keeping the output
voltage constant.
Configuration Of Transistor
Any transistor circuit can be designed using three types of configuration.
Three configurations of the transistor are based on the connection of the
transistor terminal. The three types of transistor circuit configurations are:
• Common Emitter Transistor
• Common Base Transistor
• Common Collector Transistor(emitter follower).
Each of these three circuit configurations has its own characteristics curve.
Based on the requirement the type will be chosen for the circuit.
Common Base (CB) Configuration of Transistor
Common Base (CB) Configuration
•Input: Emitter current 𝐼𝐸 vs. Emitter-Base voltage 𝑉𝐸𝐵 for constant 𝑉𝐶𝐵 .)
•Output: Collector current 𝐼𝐶 vs. Collector-Base voltage 𝑉𝐶𝐵 ( for constant 𝐼𝐸 .)
Features:
•Input characteristics are like a forward-biased diode (nonlinear).
•Output characteristics are almost flat (indicating high output resistance).

Current gain (α):


Input Characteristics for CB Configuration of
Transistor
Output Characteristics for CB Configuration of
Transistor
Current Transfer Characteristics for CB
Configuration of Transistor
The Common Emitter (CE) Configuration
Common Emitter (CE) Configuration
•Input: Base current 𝐼𝐵 vs. Base-Emitter voltage 𝑉𝐵𝐸 (for constant 𝑉𝐶𝐸 .)
•Output: Collector current 𝐼𝐶 vs. Collector-Emitter voltage 𝑉𝐶𝐸 (for constant 𝐼𝐵 .)
Features:
•Input is diode-like (since base-emitter junction is forward biased).
•Output shows three regions: cut-off, active, and saturation.

Current gain (β):


Input Characteristics for CE Configuration of Transistor
Output Characteristics for CE Configuration of Transistor
Current Transfer Characteristics for CE
Configuration of Transistor
Common Collector (CC) Configuration (Emitter Follower)
•Input: Base current 𝐼𝐵 vs. Base-Collector voltage 𝑉𝐵𝐶 (for constant 𝑉𝐶𝐸 .)
•Output: Emitter current 𝐼𝐸 vs. Collector-Emitter voltage 𝑉𝐶𝐸 (for constant 𝐼𝐵 .)

Features:
•High input resistance, low output resistance.
•Voltage gain ≈ 1 (used for impedance matching).
•Current gain is very high:
𝐼𝐸
𝛾 = ≈1+𝛽
𝐼𝐵
Relation between α and β
Since:
𝐼𝐸 = 𝐼𝐵 + 𝐼𝐶
𝐼𝐶 𝐼𝐶
𝛼 = ,𝛽 =
𝐼𝐸 𝐼𝐵
Deriving the relation:
𝛼 𝛽
𝛽= ,𝛼 =
1−𝛼 1+𝛽
Output
Mode Input Characteristic Current Gain
Characteristic
CB 𝐼𝐸 vs 𝑉𝐸𝐵 𝐼𝐶 vs 𝑉𝐶𝐵 𝛼 = 𝐼𝐶 /𝐼𝐸
CE 𝐼𝐵 vs 𝑉𝐵𝐸 𝐼𝐶 vs 𝑉𝐶𝐸 𝛽 = 𝐼𝐶 /𝐼𝐵
CC 𝐼𝐵 vs 𝑉𝐵𝐶 𝐼𝐸 vs 𝑉𝐶𝐸 𝛾 ≈1+𝛽
ICBO
D.C. Load line
H Parameters
Analysis of CE Amplifier using Simplified Hybrid Model

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