KUJORE NURUDEEN OLANREWAJU
170504026
BLD 551
ADVANCE CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY I
LECTURER: Dr ARCHI
SUBMITTED 22nd March 2024
Question: Prepare a construction methodology for a four-bedroom bungalow building to be
constructed in Abraham Adesanya, lekki, Lagos state.
ANSWER
TABLE OF CONTENT
1. SCOPE OF WORKS
2. ACCESSIBILITY
3. LIGHTING AND VENTILATION
4. PLANT AND EQUIPMENT
5. MATERIALS
6. METHODOLOGY AND SEQUENCE OF WORK
• SITE PREPARATION
• CIVILWORKS
• BLOCKWORK
• PLASTERING
• FLOOR AND WALL FINISHES
• PAINTING
• ALUMINIUM
• SUSPENDED CEILING
• EXTERNAL WORKS
• MECHANICAL, ELECTRICAL AND PLUMBING (MEP) WORKS
• AIRCONDITIONING–DUCT FABRICATION
• AIRCONDITIONING–DUCT WORK INSTALLATION
• DUCT WORK INSULATION
• ALUMINIUM CLADDING OF INSULATED DUCT AND PIPES
• CHILLER WATER PIPE INSULATION
• PLUMBING
• ELECTRICAL WORK
1.0 SCOPE OF WORK
The proposed construction project is a residential building. The building is located at Abraham
Adesanyan Estate, Lekki, Lagos state. The following are the summary activities of the project.
• Recurring project meetings
• Preliminaries
• Site preparation and mobilization
Construction of main building
• Foundation works
• Floor slab
• Floor framework
• Roof work
• Blackwall and M&E first fix
• Doors and Windows sub frame and finishes
• Final finishes
• External works
• Project completion
2.0 ACCESSIBILITY
The site layout limits the distance materials are carried during the process. The layout separates
the raw material unloading facilities from the product loading areas. The external raw material and
product (as well as waste) traffic are kept away from each other and from all other traffic Ideally,
unloading and loading areas are situated on the perimeter of the site, near their road accesses, rail
spur, or dock. However, materials that are unpleasant or hazardous are not be near sensitive
neighbors. Storage areas to be located alongside the loading and unloading areas in order to
facilitate control of the positioning of materials held in storage. Ideally the process plant is next to
the store on the opposite side to the loading or unloading area, though this is undesirable for
hazardous materials.
There is adequate parking (or rail siding) for vehicles waiting to load or unload, to use the weigh
bridge or receive clearance to enter or leave the site. Trucks should not create excessive noise
(especially at night) when passing through residential are as in order to reach the works. This may
require time-related restrictions on deliveries, which may in turn create the need for stacking of
deliveries. Provision are made for a number of trucks to be held on the site (rather than public)
roads, prior to the security gate or gate house, while awaiting access. This number is generally
agreed with the local permitting authority relative to the anticipated truck movements. Adequate
access are provided to plants where equipment or materials must be brought in during maintenance
or firefighting activities. There should be sufficient turning space for tanker sand vehicles, though
it is safer still if the need for such maneuvers is designed out. Dual-direction roads are made to
allow the safe passage of two vehicles
3.0 LIGHTING AND VENTILATION
Proper lighting is made available especially when the activity requires working at night. Some site
activities are restricted during day time, so it should also be considered together with the following:
• Safety lighting
• Task lighting
• Proper lighting
4.0 PLANT AND EQUIPMENT
Plant and equipment involved in installation and commissioning should be declared according to
the below format 1.
General
Though some of the tools required on site will be provided by the tradesmen some equipment
below must be provided by the contractor for general works on site.
• Hand tools and power tools
• Ladder
• Concrete mixer
• General builders’ equipment (spanners, shovels).
• Compacting machine.
2. Plant and equipment schedule
3. Personal protective equipment General builder’s PPE are as follow;
• Safety boot
• Safety Hand glove
• Safety Helmet
• Safety googles
• Safety jacket
• Harness lanyard
• Earplugs
5.0 MATERIALS
The materials to be use should be accounted for and should be describe on how to properly handle
and ensure that the materials are kept in safe storage area.
WELFARE FACILITIES
Welfare facilities should be provided on site or very close to the site to prevent unwanted intrusion
or unauthorized entry of persons without safety measures which can be harmful or result to
accidents. Welfare facilities required in the project includes
• Canteens
• Resting shed & changing room
• First aid
• Toilets
6.0 METHODOLOGY AND SEQUENCE OF WORK
6.1 SITE PREPARATION
6.1.1 Temporary fence
Solid steel sheets are used to cover the site about its surveyed perimeter and the use of timber
fencing was neglected due to location of site and weather conditions. An entry point or access was
provided to control the entry of materials and provided space for the unloading of construction
materials, protection of materials against theft, personnel protection.
6.1.2 Site accommodation
Temporary accommodation of site workers on site with wooden planks and battens with the help
of carpenters to create changing areas, relaxation zones. This is properly maintained in good and
hygienic conditions throughout the duration of the project which is then dismantled upon
completion.
6.1.3 Bore hole installation
The installation of bore hole by the rotary method of drilling is applied to facilitate provision of
water good enough for site work and use to meet required quality plan as to desired concrete
strength, mixing and cleaning purposes etc. This is done mechanically by the use of drilling rigs
6.2 CIVIL WORKS
6.2.1 Contractor will commence the project following the client’s requirement upon award of
contract, site inspection and site take over will be done. Any differences will be brought to the
attention of the client or consultant prior commencement of works.
6.2.2 Site clearance works and excavation for foundations (Raft foundation) will be done with
machines and labor when necessary
6.2.3 Raft treatment will follow excavation and completion of blinding. Raft protection will be
done in accordance to the drawings and specifications
6.2.4 Raft foundation will be constructed ready for application of water proofing. Formwork will
be prepared on a modular bases and comprised timber facing and timber stiffening horizontal and
vertical.
6.2.5 Horizontal water proofing will be applied as specified and protected with the cement sand
screed before construction activity for oversite concrete, fixing of reinforcement forms for
construction point and pouring on concrete. Vertical water proofing will be applied on to plastered
surface of block wall and protected with bituminous board
6.2.6 Superstructure will be carried out according to the drawing sand specifications. Vertical and
horizontal member in-situ concrete element.
6.2.7 Simultaneously with the progress of the concrete structure first fixing of M.E.P works will
follow.
6.2.8 Hoist will carry out vertical transportation of material and labor. Erection of hoist will be
several stages following vertical progress of main structure.
6.2.9 On completion of concrete works for the floors, the block work, plaster and screed work will
proceed.
6.2.10 Tiling will then proceed. All completed floor tiling will be protected by means of gypsum
plaster or plywood covering which will be removed and cleared before hand over.
6.2.11 Building finishes will be applied by completing wet building finishes on one section before
starting dry building finishes. Where possible building finishes will start from top to bottom to
avoid damaging previously completed work. Work will also proceed linearly over a particular part
of the rooms; wet finishes on the half of the block will be complete before by dry finishes start.
6.2.12 Dry finishes like suspended ceiling framing, carpentry, aluminum etc will then proceed
together.
6.2.13 Commencement of aluminums (Curtain wall will start from the bottom to top. Upon
completion half of the concrete structure for building, fixing of curtain wall will start.
6.2.14 Progress of curtain wall and finishes will be followed with the second fixing of M.E.P.
6.2.15 Painting will be completed except for the last coat. Which will follow the completion off
all finishes and MEP pre commissioning activities
6.2.16 External fences and interlocking stone will commence after completion of external
envelope.
6.3 BLOCKWORK
6.3.1 Blockwork on the ground will commence after completion of slab for the ground floor. 6.3.2
Concrete block supplied for the site will be certified by consultant. Mortar will be mixed on site
according to the specification and trail mixes approved by consultant. Standard accessories with
approval sb consultant will be used.
6.3.3 Alignment and level of the adjacent concrete works must be checked prior to placing
blockwork
6.3.4 Adequate arrangement of urn for curing of blockwork will be provided according to the
specifications.
6.3.5 All junction details with reinforced concrete frame will be carried out according to the
approved drawings
6.3.6 Upon completion of block work chasing of walls will commence to provide all necessary
conducting. Preparation for plastering, fixing of angle beads and other accessories and applying of
rush coat will follow.
6.4 PLASTERING
6.4.1 Before commencement of plaster work it will be ensured that blockwork has been laid to the
true line and level.
6.4.2 All cut outs or voids in the blockwork will be filled or treated. Block work will be properly
filled with mortar and pointed. Required building services will be installed prior to commencement
of plasterwork.
6.4.3 Trial panel area of work will be completed and approved before commencement of plastering
on all areas.
6.5 FLOOR AND WALL TI LE
6.5.1 Tiles and fixing method will be as approved by consultant prior to procurement of same and
delivery to site
6.5.2 Before the commencement of tiling works in wet areas water proofing of the floor will be
tested and approved by consultant.
6.5.3 Pattern of laying tiles will be identified and clearly marked. Also, setting out of the tiles level
end datum will be established
6.5.4 Tiles delivered to site will be checked for, dimension, Integrity, quality and conformance
with the material submission.
6.6 PAINTING
6.6.1 The specific methods to be used for the painting activity will be per contract specification
and drawings.
6.6.2 Before painting system commences paint system has to be approved by the consultant.
6.6.3 Paint material delivered to site will be carried out and approved by the consultant.
6.6.4 Before commencement, application surfaces will be dry and prepared for the paint as per
manufacturers recommendations.
6.6.5 Adequate protection will be arranged to avoid damage from paint spillage.
6.6.6 Appropriate clean brushes, rollers or sprayers as required will be available for application of
the painting materials.
6.7 ALUMINIUM
6.7.1 Detailed method statement will be prepared specifically identifying material types, quality
of finishes and other important aspects prior to commencement of aluminium works.
6.7.2 All aluminium works will be carried out by approved subcontractor, Material and system will
be as approved.
6.7.3 Materials delivered to site will meet the material approval sample. Workshop drawings have
to be approved by consultant.
6.7.4 Delivered components to site will be protected from damage due to handing and
transportation. Damaged components will be segregated and clearly labelled.
6.7.5 Every delivery will contain certification for thickness of protection coatings. Furthermore,
dimensions of fabricated members will be checked against approved drawings.
6.7.6 Every delivery will contain certification for thickness of protection coatings. Furthermore,
dimensions of fabricated members will be checked against approved drawing.
6.8 SUSPENDED CEILING
6.8.1 The specific methods to be used for the construction activity will be as per contract
specification and drawings.
6.8.2 Supply and fixing of suspended ceiling system will be carried out by approved subcontractor.
6.8.3 Before commencement of works on site, materials and suspended system have to be approved
by the consultant.
6.8.4 Ceiling plan for the layout will be prepared in close liaison with MEP Subcontractor.
6.8.5 Mechanical and electrical drawing will be prepared in close liaison with MEP subcontractor.
6.8.6 Adequate supports will be provided for all light fixtures and diffusers.
6.8.7 Spacing of supports and installation of system will be carried out in accordance with the
manufacturers recommendations.
6.8.8 Installation level of the suspended ceiling has to be set out according to the approved
drawings.
6.9 EXTERNAL WORKS
6.9.1 The external structures will be constructed according to the specifications and drawings.
6.9.2 Installation of the interlocking stones is layed for foot paths would follow.
6.9.3 Construction of fence is carried out in accordance with the specifications and drawing.
6.9.4 Generator house and gate house are constructed base on the specification and drawings.
6.9.5 Installation of External plumbing, mechanical and electrical is carried out in line with the
specification and drawings.
6.10 MECHANICAL, ELECTRICAL AND PLUMBING (MEP) WORKS
6.10.1 Detailed programming of all MEP work activities will be prepared in full coordination with
the main contractor’s programme.
6.10.2 Builder’s work drawings will be prepared to show all opening sleeves and cast in items.
Whenever necessary backup calculations will be prepared and submitted to the consultant.
6.10.3 For specialist equipment a suitably qualified specialist subcontractor will be used. Working
drawings will be prepared for relevant items and equipment. They will be coordinated with other
services and works.
6.10.4 Working drawings will be prepared in accordance with the requirements of the contract and
the statutory regulations by the local services authorities for electricity, water, drainage, telephone
and civil defence.
6.10.5 The working drawings will be submitted to the consultant for approval and also to the local
authorities or services authorities where applicable.
6.10.6 Relevant authorities will be kept informed about the methods of construction and their
approval shall be obtained as necessary
6.10.7 Materials of construction to be incorporated in the works will be submitted for approval in
proper format approved by the consultant. Priority will be given to approval of materials that are
required for enabling works as well as chillers and transformers.
6.10.8 Special attention will be given to storage of material during the course of the contact.
Covered areas will be used for product which need protection from sunlight and weather
conditions.
6.10.9 Dedicated construction teams with adequate supervisors will be allocated to the various
designated areas based on CPM and available area.
6.11 AIRCONDITION–DUCT FABRICATION
Duct work will be fabricated using a computerized design and fully equipped sheet metal
manufacturing plant. The following procedure will be used for the fabrication of the duct work
• Drawing review by fabricator.
• Prepare printout showing types of pieces number of pieces, area and weights.
• Separate standard straight pieces.
• Run AutoCAD optimization programme for best utilization for fitting shape.
• Data transferred to operate for cutting machine.
• Marketing and cutting pieces for ducts.
• Lock forming and auto flanging.
• Folding assembly of pieces to duct.
• Dimensional shape, quality and inspection.
• Labelling of items delivery to site
• Airconditioning-Duct work installation
6.11.1 Duct work will be delivered from the fabrication area when required in a coordinated
manner.
6.11.2 Mark out support locations at ductwork based on working drawings.
6.11.3 Drill holes in concrete element, fix anchors and rods.
6.11.4 Connect duct pieces in appropriate lengths and widths between support rods.
6.11.5 Lift and raise ducts from floor to support level manually or small sections or mechanically
for larger sections.
6.11.6 Fix angle supports and nuts to support duct at correct level.
6.11.7 Correct more pieces in appropriate lengths and install at desired level.
6.11.8 Connect adjacent duct section slip joints or angle flanges as specified with sealant or gasket
as appropriate.
6.11.9 Correct more piece in appropriate length and install at desired level
6.11.10Connect adjacent duct sections by slip joints orangle flanges as specified with sealant or
gasket as appropriate.
6.11.11 Fix necessary such as CDS, FDS, VAV’S access doors, veins and fans.
6.11.12 Carry out pressure test to check for leakage monitoring with suitable instrument.
6.11.13 After approval of coordinated reflected full ceiling drawings commence installation of
flexible ducts and air terminal devices.
6.12 DUCTWORKINSTALLATION
6.12.1 After ducts have been satisfactorily tested for leakage insulation work will be carried out.
6.12.2 Clean the external surface of the duct to remove grease, moisture or deleterious material
welded pins at the specified intervals.
6.12.5 Cut and Prepare insulation board pieces in required sizes according to.
6.12.3 Apply specified adhesive to surface of ducts at the manufacturers recommended application
rates
6.12.4 Fix self-adhesive stick pins or spot- manufacturers recommendations to prevent
compression of insulation to less than 75% of its nominal thickness. Fix the same on the duct
surface with the help of stick pins and previously applied adhesive, ensuring that the edges are
straight and closely butted.
6.12.6 Fix the retaining speed washers on the stick pins/spotter pins.
6.12.7 Seal the joints and seams with vapour barrier mastic where required as per the
specifications.
6.12.8 Seal the joints of insulation by aluminium foil adhesive tapes.
6.12.9 Apply the first coat of a pour barrier wrap with canvas/glass cloth and then apply second
coat of vapour barrier.
6.12.10 Apply insulation continuously through walls and partitions except fire rated walls and
partitions.
6.12.11 For fire rated wall and partition penetrations, terminate insulation at fire damper sleeves.
6.13 ALUMINIUM CLADDING OF INSULATED DUCT AND PIPES
6.13.1 Cut the aluminium sheets of specified thickness to make boxes of the required size.
6.13.2 Between the surface of the canvas cloth, wrap on top of the insulation with brush.
6.13.3 Fit boxes of aluminium other insulated ducts and pipes.
6.13.4 Riveton longitudinal and transverse blots and further if required with waterproof sealants.
6.14 CHILLER WATER PIPE INSULATION
6.14.1 Ensure pipes are of correct specified type with appropriate documentation and certification.
6.14.2 Remove end caps, clean and paint with redoxide.
6.14.3 Drill holes in concrete slab and fix anchors and drop rods and per approved working
drawings.
6.14.4 Fix pipe hangers and install pipes.
6.14.5 Pipe’s connection may be either welded or flanged and belted dependent on the
specification.
6.14.6 For welded pipes approved welder will be used.
6.14.7 Fix valves in pipes
6.14.8 Carry out pressure testing of the pipe.
6.14.9 After successful pressure testing carry out insulation/cladding work.
6.14.10 Prior to testing and balancing of chilled water system, treat pipe with recommended
chemicals and flush with water.
6.15 PLUMBING
6.15.1 During the foundation and concreting stage of the civil works, suitable approved sleeves
will be provided in the beam, slabs, and columns, the underground drainage work will be carried
out simultaneously with progress of the civil works. Proper slopes will be maintained and the
pipeline will be checked for water tightness by subjecting the pipes to required pressure as given
in the contract documents. All the drainage pipe works in the horizontal run will be supported.
6.15.2 Adequate traps will be provided with water seal. Pipeline passing through the fire barriers
will have fire stopping sleeves. Standard method of construction as specified in contract documents
will be followed, special care will be taken for safely aspect during execution.
6.15.3 During installation and handling pipe and things will be closed by arid caps to avoid the
ingress of dust and dirt.
6.15.4 Plastic pipes will be stored in a covered area to avoid deterioration due to exposure to UV
sunlight.
6.15.5 Installation levels will be taken as those defined in the drawings and specifications of the
construction contract.
6.15.6 A check will be made with the municipally or statutory authority for their relevant level
system and benchmark to ensure coordination with the discharge drainage.
6.15.7 Buried pipework will be carried not in coordination with the external works.
6.15.8 Are view of all the contract drawings will be made to ensure proper slopes are specified.
6.15.9 External installation connection to municipal drainage department will be offered for
inspection by the relevant authority.
6.15.10 Adequate clean out and traps will be provided unless specified elsewhere in the contract.
6.15.11 Copper pipes will be joined by the silver brazing method, aridtasting of joints will be
carried out in accordance with the contract.
6.15.12 Prior to delivery and installation of sanitary ware atrial mockup installation will be
prepared and offered to review and approval by the consultant and consultant.
6.15.13 All firefighting installation will be submitted for approval by the civil defence department
and water supplied pipe will be flushed and disinfected in accordance with the contract
requirements.
6.16 ELECTRICAL WORKS
The program for the sequence and coordination electrical and construction work activity will be
based on the main activities below.
6.16.1 Electrical activities
• Lay underground ducts or sleeves.
• Place sleeves/box outs in concrete slabs.
• Fur conducting distribution board and outlet boxes in wall recesses.
• Surface conduit
• Fix shade or cable trunking
• Fix surface DBS and SMDB’s.
• Install wiring, cable and power cabling.
• Fit surface lighting fixtures,
• Fix UPS.
• Fix fire alarm devices and wiring accessories.
• Fix recess light fixture
• Fix lighting and control system.
• Install busbars.
• Install MDB’s
• Install OG sets and associated works.
• Install transforms and HT cabling
• Install earth pits.
• Testing.
6.16.2 The installation of electrical equipment is briefly summarized below
• Underground sleeves for electrical services will be commenced during the earth work and
ground preparations.
• Concealed conduits, sleeves/ducts etc. in the slabs and wall will be installed during the slab
concreting and wall construction i.e., blockwork.
• Cable support systems which include the cable trays, trunking etc. installation will
commence after the slabs are ready and in coordination with the other services i.e.,
mechanical, plumbing and firefighting.
• DB’s, MDB’s, and SMDB’s installations commence after the designed walls and electrical
rooms are complete in almost air respect of dell activities.
• Circuit wiring and cabling work is carried out after the completion of structural and block
work including plastering.
• Installation of lighting fixtures, FA system and ELV equipment will be after completion of
the painting activity.
• External works including earthing, lighting protection and external lighting will commence
with the preparation of land scaping and roadwork.
• All the above works are to be inspected by the concerned authorities immediately after
completion of each activity to ensure that all the specification are compiled during the
installation and the installation is carried out as per the manufacturer’s guidance.
• Testing will be carried out progressively after each activity. Final testing will be carried out
prior to handover.
• Initially, the consultant will carry out inspection testing and this will be followed by
inspection by the local power authority.
• Incoming power supply by the local power authority (the services connection) will be given
when the latter completes the associated works.
