MOS LOGIC FAMLIES
(CMOS AND NMOS
INVERTER DESIGN:
CMOS INVERTER:
CMOS inverter definition is a device that is used to generate
logic functions is known as CMOS inverter and is the essential
component in all integrated circuits. A CMOS inverter is a FET
(field effect transistor), composed of a metal gate that lies
on top of oxygen’s insulating layer on top of a semiconductor.
These inverters are used in most electronic devices which are
accountable for generating data n small circuits.
NMOS INVERTER:
A negative-MOS transistor forms a closed circuit
when receiving a non-negligible voltage and an open
circuit when it receives a voltage at around 0 volts.
CMOS INVERTER CIRCUIT
DIAGRAM AND EXPLANATION:
The CMOS (Complementary Metal-Oxide-
Semiconductor) circuit consists of two transistors: a
PMOS and an NMOS.
Vdd (Supply Voltage)
|
(PMOS)
|
(Vout)
|
(NMOS)
|
Ground
PMOS Transistor:
Connected between the supply voltage (Vdd) and
the output (Vout).
NMOS Transistor:
Connected between the output (Vout) and
[Link] (Vin) is applied to the Gate terminals
of both [Link] (Vout) is taken at the
point where the Drain terminals of both transistors
meet.
CMOS Inverter Operation:
. When the Input (Vin) is Low (Vin = 0V):
The PMOS transistor turns on (conducts).The NMOS
transistor turns off (no current flows).As a result,
Vout is connected to Vdd, and the output is high
(Vout = Vdd).
When the Input (Vin) is High (Vin = Vdd):
The NMOS transistor turns on (conducts)The PMOS
transistor turns off (no current flows). As a result,
Vout is connected to Ground, and the output is low
(Vout = 0V).
NMOS INVERTER CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
AND EXPLANATION:
NMOS Structure:
An NMOS transistor has three terminals: Gate (G),
Drain (D), and Source (S).It is used as a switch or an
amplifier in [Link] NMOS, the current flows
between the Drain and Source, controlled by the
Gate voltage.
How It Works:
When the Gate-to-Source Voltage (Vgs) is greater
than a certain threshold voltage (Vth), the NMOS
turns [Link] the NMOS is on, a conductive
channel forms between the Drain and Source,
allowing current to flow from Drain to [Link]
Vgs is less than the threshold, the transistor is off,
and no current flows.
Circuit Explanation:
Vdd is the supply voltage, and R is the load
[Link] Gate controls whether current flows
from Drain to Source. If sufficient voltage is applied
to the Gate, the NMOS turns on, allowing current to
flow through the load resistor and [Link]
there is no sufficient voltage on the Gate, the
transistor stays off, and no current flows.
+ Vdd
R (Load Resistor)
|-----------(Drain)
| |
| |
(Vg) |---(NMOS)
(Gate) |
(Source)
Ground
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE CMOS
AND NMOS CHARACTERISTICS :
[Link] Efficiency:
NMOS: Continuous current flow during operation, more
power-hungry.
CMOS: Consumes power only during switching; highly
power-efficient.
2. Component Count:
NMOS: Uses fewer components (just an NMOS transistor
and resistor), simpler.
CMOS: Requires both PMOS and NMOS transistors,
slightly more complex.
[Link] Level:
NMOS: Output relies on an external pull-up resistor,
leading to slower speed and more power consumption.
CMOS: Inherently provides high-speed logic switching
using both NMOS and PMOS, without the need for
external resistors.
[Link]:
NMOS: Requires a pull-up resistor to achieve a high
output.
CMOS: No resistor needed; the PMOS automatically
provides a high output when Vin is low.
