Climate Change

This paper provides insights into the implications of a global coal phaseout in the power generation sector across different regions under international climate targets. Using modelled scenarios, we highlight the strong rate of decline in new build and decommissioning of existing coal assets, and the growth in renewable capacity to not only fill the gap but meet growing demand for electricity. We find that key uncertainties exist across many of these pathways towards system decarbonisation. We also explore how regionally connected grids can help in transitioning away from coal whilst ensuring supply of electricity. Focusing on potential interconnection between India and the Gulf region, we find that this can be an important strategy for helping enable the transition based on increasing renewables, with regional interconnection encouraging coal phase-out even without a specific coal phase-out target. The technical modelling in this report requires further consideration, in respect of...

Abstract. Monitoring changes in glacial dynamics is essential for understanding the environmental response to accelerated climate warming in the Arctic. However, geodetic surveys in polar regions continue to present considerable challenges because of the harsh environmental conditions and the polar night. This study records a 14–year–long time series (2006–2019) of GNSS surveys of the positions of 16 ablation stakes distributed across Hansbreen, a tidewater glacier in southern Svalbard. The measurements were conducted with an exceptionally high temporal resolution, from about one week to about one month, and covering altitudes ranging from 0 to 490 m asl. The position of one stake was surveyed every day. The primary data products consist of the stake coordinates and velocities. Time series of annual and seasonal velocities are also provided. This dataset may be a subject of further studies of glacier dynamics in relation to the long–term and seasonal impact of climate change on ice ...

Increasing ocean temperatures and strengthening boundary currents have caused the poleward migration of many marine species. Cubozoan jellyfish known to cause Irukandji syndrome have historically been confined to tropical waters but may be expanding into subtropical regions. Here, we examine the interactive effects of warming and acidification on the population dynamics of polyps of an Irukandji jellyfish, Alatina nr mordens, and the formation of statoliths in newly metamorphosed medusae, to determine if this jellyfish could tolerate future conditions predicted for southeast Queensland (SEQ), Australia. Two experiments, examining the orthogonal factors of temperature and pH, were undertaken. Experiment 1 mimicked the current, ca. 2050 and ca. 2100 summer temperature and pH conditions predicted for SEQ using A1F1 scenarios (temperature: 25, 27, 29 °C; pH: 7.9, 7.8, 7.6) and Experiment 2 mimicked current and future winter conditions (18 and 22 °C, pH 7.9, 7.8, 7.6). All polyps in Experiment 1 survived and budded. Fewer polyps budded in the lower pH treatments; however, patterns varied slightly among temperature treatments. Statoliths at pH 7.6 were 24% narrower than those at pH 7.8 and 7.9. Most polyps survived the winter conditions mimicked by Experiment 2 but only polyps in the 22 °C, pH 7.9 treatment increased significantly. The current absence of A. nr mordens medusae in SEQ, despite the polyps' ability to tolerate the current temperature and pH conditions, suggests that ecological, rather than abiotic factors currently limit their distribution. Observations that budding was lower under low pH treatments suggest that rates of asexual reproduction will likely be much slower in the future. We consider that A. nr mordens polyps are likely to tolerate future conditions but are unlikely to thrive in the long term. However, if polyps can overcome potential ecological boundaries and acidification proceeds slowly A. nr mordens could expand polewards in the short term.

Indoor environmental complaints are indications of indoor environmental issues that affect occupants' comfort and health. Although some research has examined the built environment's effect on objective indoor environmental quality, few have investigated the role of demographic and socioeconomic factors in subjective indoor environmental complaints. Therefore, this study took New York City (NYC) as the case site, aiming to investigate the association between indoor environment complaints and the built environment, demographic factors, and socioeconomic factors. We conducted statistical analyses using government open data on indoor environmental complaints and community district profiles. Descriptive statistics revealed a significant disparity in indoor environmental complaints among different community districts in NYC. Furthermore, correlation and hierarchical regression analyses revealed a significant relationship between demographic and socioeconomic factors and indoor environmental complaints, even when controlling for built environment factors. In detail, individuals under the age of 18 and foreign-born residents reported fewer indoor environmental complaints. Those who selfidentified as having limited English proficiency also had fewer indoor environmental complaints. Finally, based on our analysis, we developed a set of strategies to address indoor environmental complaints. This study introduces a novel perspective to indoor environmental research, offering valuable insights for communities, city managers, and related departments in formulating strategies to address indoor environmental complaints.

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.

Director of the Landscape Observatory of Catalonia (Spain) Todas as correções determinadas pelo júri, e só essas, foram efetuadas. O Presidente do Júri, Porto, ______/______/_________ I also thank Pere Sala and all the staff from the Landscape Observatory of Catalonia for their hospitality, friendliness and, above all, for the exchange of experience and knowledge. I promise them that I will improve on my Spanish-speaking until the next time we meet again. Finally, I thank the professionals who somehow contributed to its elaboration.

The mean predicted decrease of 0.3–0.4 pH units in the global surface ocean by the end of the century has prompted urgent research to assess the potential effects of ocean acidification on the marine environment, with strong emphasis on calcifying organisms. Among them, the Mediterranean red coral (Corallium rubrum) is expected to be particularly susceptible to acidification effects, due to the elevated solubility of its Mg‐calcite skeleton. This, together with the large overexploitation of this species, depicts a bleak future for this organism over the next decades. In this study, we evaluated the effects of low pH on the species from aquaria experiments. Several colonies of C. rubrum were long‐term maintained for 314 days in aquaria at two different pH levels (8.10 and 7.81, pHT). Calcification rate, spicule morphology, major biochemical constituents (protein, carbohydrates and lipids) and fatty acids composition were measured periodically. Exposure to lower pH conditions caused a...

Objective Climate change is expected to increase global temperatures. How temperature-related mortality risk will change is not completely understood, and how future demographic changes will affect temperature-related mortality needs to be clarified. We evaluate temperature-related mortality across Canada until 2099, accounting for age groups and scenarios of population growth. Methods We used daily counts of non-accidental mortality for 2000 to 2015 for all 111 health regions across Canada, incorporating in the study both urban and rural areas. A two-part time series analysis was used to estimate associations between mean daily temperatures and mortality. First, current and future daily mean temperature time series simulations were developed from Coupled Model Inter-Comparison Project 6 (CMIP6) climate model ensembles from past and projected climate change scenarios under Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs). Next, excess mortality due to heat and cold and the net difference were p...

This article examines the metaphysical foundations necessary for a coherent practice of climate-oriented civil disobedience. Drawing from classical theories of civil disobedience-beginning with Henry David Thoreau-it argues that such action has traditionally presupposed a weakly realist moral metaphysics, in which moral truths exist independently to some degree and provide a basis for opposing unjust laws. This foundation is profoundly challenged by the shift from anthropocentrism to radical ecologism, which decenters the human and questions hierarchical ontologies of value. The analysis critiques the anthropocentric premises underlying much classical civil disobedience and proposes instead a relational, non-hierarchical metaphysics inspired by contemporary thinkers such as Emanuele Coccia, Timothy Morton, Donna Haraway, and Stefano Mancuso. In this framework, climate disobedience is reframed not primarily as a utilitarian strategy aimed at efficacy or progress, but as an act of fidelity and friendship toward the more-than-human world. Ultimately, it is reconceptualized as a minimalist pedagogy of finitude and a secular liturgy of anticipatory mourning. This practice commits to reducing entropic violence-the irreversible disorder imposed on ecosystems and future beings-and to fostering non-predatory relations amid conditions of ecological exhaustion. Crucially, it proceeds without eschatological guarantees or promises of salvation, embracing circular fidelity over linear causal efficacy. In an era where +1.5 °C has already been exceeded and techno-optimist narratives falter, such disobedience becomes stubborn testimony: a refusal to pretend that business-as-usual remains viable, even when outcomes remain uncertain.

In the first half of this research, this study examines the trend in tropical cyclone (TC) activity over the economically important northwest Western Australia (NWA) TC basin (equator-408S, 808-1408E) based on statistical analyses of the International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS) and large-scale environmental variables, which are known to be closely linked to the formation and longevity of TCs, from NCEP-NCAR reanalyses. In the second half, changes in TC activity from climate model

Keywords: forestry; sustainable development; economy-in-transition; the Ukraine; institutions; multi-functional forest use; timber rotation; afforestation programme; soil erosion; climate change; carbon sequestration; cost-benefit analysis; forest policy measures and instruments. The general idea of the study is to address the current process of establishing new economic relations in forestry-in-transition and assess opportunities for its sustainable development. The scientific value of the thesis derives from the elaboration of multidisciplinary knowledge and the enhancement of practical applicability in a transitional economy of the concept of sustainable forestry development. Taking as an example the forest sector of the Ukraine, the study draws on the state of affairs in forestry that is developing under changing economic conditions, examining failures and new incentives in economic and institutional reforms. The central objective of the study is to determine the appropriate for...

Achieving social equity among local stakeholders should be a key objective for ecosystem service (ES) governance in Europe's ecologically fragile treeline areas. The ES literature tends to be biased towards distributional equity and market-based instruments when assessing social equity of ES governance. In this study, we analyze a wide range of social equity procedures that have been applied in Europe, using 11 synthesized case studies of governance-related challenges and 75 proposals for governance enhancement from 8 European countries provided by researchers with expertise on treeline area governance. The proposals were grouped by inductive clustering into 10 procedural or distributional equity-related policy recommendations: (1) increase stakeholder collaboration, (2) balance interactions between horizontal and vertical governance levels, (3) increase ES education, (4) use science to guide decisions, (5) start collaboration at an early stage, (6) enhance transparency, (7) aim to mitigate negative impacts, (8) use an ES approach to identify synergistic goals for governance, (9) enhance balanced multi-functional land use, and (10) use market-based instruments to balance benefits and costs deriving from governance decisions. Finally, we discuss 5 more general proposals on how regulatory and market-based ap proa ches could be linked to enhance both procedural and distributional equity of treeline area governance.

This study explores the economic and social challenges faced by gig workers in Tamil Nadu amidst rapid growth in the gig economy. It highlights issues such as income instability, limited social security, and financial exclusion, with nearly 40% earning below ₹15,000 monthly. Despite government initiatives like welfare schemes, electric vehicle subsidies, and accident insurance, low registration and administrative gaps limit their effectiveness. Employing empirical analysis and econometric models, the research assesses income dynamics, financial behaviors, and institutional barriers, revealing significant links between income stability, digital literacy, and financial inclusion. The findings underscore the need for targeted policy interventions to enhance income security, expand formal financial access, and strengthen social protection. Promoting sustainable entrepreneurship through skill development, digital literacy, and green subsidies offers pathways for gig workers to transition into micro-enterprises, fostering long-term livelihood resilience. The study advocates for improved data sharing, awareness campaigns, and technological tools like AI for personalized upskilling and fair work practices. A comprehensive approach integrating financial literacy, policy reforms, and innovative support systems is essential to empower gig workers, ensuring their livelihoods are resilient, inclusive, and aligned with Tamil Nadu's broader developmental goals. Ultimately, strengthening institutional frameworks and leveraging digital platforms can transform Tamil Nadu's gig economy into a more equitable, productive, and sustainable component of the state's socioeconomic landscape. In this context, the research analyses the significant and evolving issues that increasingly influence today's integrated global environment.

Conservation and restoration of riparian forests are important for strengthening river banks and preserving biodiversity as well as for mitigating impacts of climate change. Increasing temperature and climate variability, flooding and drought, alteration of the intensity of precipitation and melting glaciers in high mountain areas affect the physical condition of natural resources as well as natural hazards. Climate change might cause larger and potentially hazardous summer floods. The temporary storage of floodwaters in the floodplain areas reduces the flood risk downstream. In this paper, the current state of natural resources and the benefits of mountain floodplain forests is investigated. The satellite imagery was used to study the landscape changes for mapping the investigation areas. The assessment of changes is necessary for the further development of restorative plan for floodplain rivers. The results provide information on options for management and provide assistance to th...

In this paper, to study the floodplains along the Naryn River they have been selected two investigation areas in the distance and nearby of settlements, in case Emgek-Talaa and Ak-Tal villages of Naryn region in Kyrgyzstan. We analyse anthropogenic impacts on these areas and ecosystem services provided by floodplain forests in a comprehensive way including ecosystem structures. Floodplain areas deliver multi-functional services as forest, pasture land, habitats of plant and animal species, and also as resting place for local people. The methodology contains exploration of the study the landscape changes of the investigation areas by using remote sensing and GIS. The climatic conditions for the investigated area, as well as the magnitude and frequency of annual, monthly and daily water discharge of surface runoff and also groundwater level of the Naryn River were investigated. Increasing temperature and climate variability, flooding and drought, alteration of intensity of precipitati...

Dedico este estudo aos meus amados pais, Otavio Cianci e Aparecida Giovanini Cianci, à minha irmã Silvana e ao seu esposo Guilherme, ao mais novo membro da família, o sapeca Eduardo. Mesmo muito longe, sempre se fizeram íntimos e presente em minha vida. Obrigado pelo exemplo de vida. Dedico aos meus avós (in memoriam) Valdemar Giovanini e Salvador Cianci e a minha avó Antônia Paschini, pois sinto que sempre estão junto à minha pessoa, torcendo por mim e sempre me ajudando. -Obrigado. Dedico este em especial à querida Mirian e à Dona Paulina, que me acolheram como membro da família e se fizeram minha segunda família. Agradeço pela confiança e afeição que declaram a mim e ao meu trabalho. Fica aqui, o meu singelo obrigado. Dedica a Aldalinda Aguiar, por tudo que representa, nesta área de cuidar e pelo seu esforço incansável na busca do melhor cuidar. Dedico a todos os pacientes que fazem parte de minha vida, e aos participantes deste estudo, pela valiosa contribuição a pesquisa. vi AGRADECIMENTOS Expresso minha gratidão e admiração a Profr a Dr a Simone Dal Corso e Profr a Dr a Carla Malaguti, pelo exemplo ímpar de seres humanos e profissionais, que inspiram meus passos a uma direção melhor.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is fundamentally transforming the paradigm of
contemporary security, opening unprecedented possibilities while simultaneously
creating new and complex threats. The International Scientific-Professional
Conference "Artificial Intelligence and Security in the XXI Century," held on
November 19, 2025, at the School of Engineering Management, "Union-Nikola
Tesla" University, brings together experts from the fields of security, technology,
law, and ethics to examine the multidimensional impact of AI on national and
international security in the 21st century. This gathering represents a crucial
intersection where academic rigour meets practical urgency, where theoretical
frameworks encounter real-world challenges, and where diverse perspectives
converge to address one of the most consequential transformations of our era.

The estimation of long-term sea level variability is of primary importance for a climate change assessment. Despite the value of the subject, no scientific consensus has yet been reached on the existing acceleration in observed values. The existence of this acceleration is crucial for coastal protection planning purposes. The absence of the acceleration would enhance the debate on the general validity of current future projections. Methodologically, the evaluation of the acceleration is a controversial and still open discussion, reported in a number of review articles, which illustrate the state-of-art in the field of sea level research. In the present paper, the well-proven direct scaling analysis approach is proposed in order to describe the long-term sea level variability at 12 worldwideselected tide gauge stations. For each of the stations, it has been shown that the long-term sea level variability exhibits a trimodal scaling behaviour, which can be modelled by a power law with three different pairs of shape and scale parameters. Compared to alternative methods in literature, which take into account multiple corre-

Resumen No Centro-Sul do estado do Paraná,(segundo planalto paranaense) foram identificados depósitos quaternários em encosta denominada Monjolo. Esta encosta se estende longitudinalmente, por aproximadamente 586, 79 me possui perfil convexo-...

Metascience—the study of science itself—has gained increasing visibility in the aftermath of the replication crisis, as questions of credibility, transparency, and reproducibility have reshaped the norms of knowledge production. Yet despite its rapid expansion, the field remains conceptually fragmented and methodologically unsettled. This study maps the evolution of metascience between 2000 and 2024 through a large-scale bibliometric analysis encompassing seven interrelated domains: conceptual foundations, scholarly infrastructure, the scientific community, research artiefacts, reference managers, plagiarism detection, and literature review methods. Across these domains, the analysis identifies recurrent thematic anchors around publication and model, indicating a dual structure that reflects both the communicative and computational dimensions of contemporary science. Biomedical and educational vocabularies appear pervasively across clusters, revealing disciplinary imbalances produced by keyword convergence within major bibliometric databases. Meanwhile, the growing presence of algorithmic and ethical terms ranging from plagiarism detection and reference management to artificial intelligence—illustrates metascience’s transition toward a more reflexive, technologically mediated form of self-examination. Beyond these empirical findings, the study exposes a methodological paradox: because metascience operates through highly generic descriptors such as “research,” “article,” and “evaluation,” systematic literature reviews and keyword-based retrieval techniques tend to produce distorted landscapes that include conceptually unrelated studies. Addressing this limitation requires the adoption of hybrid methodologies, controlled vocabularies, and curated datasets that account for the layered, interdisciplinary, and self referential nature of metascience. In doing so, this study not only maps the contours of research on research but also reflects on how the very infrastructures of inquiry shape science’s capacity to understand itself.

The invasive weed Ambrosia artemisiifolia (common ragweed) constitutes a great threat to public health and agriculture in large areas of the globe. Climate change, characterized by higher temperatures and prolonged vegetation periods, could increase the risk of establishment in northern Europe in the future. However, as the species is a short-day plant that requires long nights to induce bloom formation, it might still fail to produce mature seeds before the onset of winter in areas at northern latitudes characterized by short summer nights. To survey the genetic variation in flowering time and study the effect of latitudinal origin on this trait, a reciprocal common garden experiment, including eleven populations of A. artemisiifolia from Europe and North America, was conducted. The experiment was conducted both outside the range limit of the species, in Sweden and within its invaded range, in Croatia. Our main hypothesis was that the photoperiodic-thermal requirements of A. artemisiifolia constitute a barrier for reproduction at northern latitudes and, thus, halts the northern range shift despite expected climate change. Results revealed the presence of a northsouth gradient in flowering time at both garden sites, indicating that certain European populations are pre-adapted to photoperiodic and thermal conditions at latitudes up to, at least, 60˚N. This was confirmed by phenological recordings performed in a region close to the northern range limit, the north of Germany. Thus, we conclude that there exists a high risk for establishment and spread of A. artemisiifolia in FennoScandinavia in the near future. The range shift might occur independently of climate change, but would be accelerated by it.

Climate change is a global problem with local climatic and economic impacts. Mitigation policies can be applied on large geographic scales, such as a carbon cap-and-trade program for the entire U.S., on medium geographic scales, such as the NOx program for the northeastern U.S., or on smaller scales, such as statewide renewable portfolio standards and local gasoline taxes. To enable study of the environmental benefits, transition costs, capitalization effects, and other consequences of mitigation policies, we are developing dynamic general equilibrium models capable of incorporating important climate impacts. This report describes the economic framework we have developed and the current Community Integrated Model of Economic and Resource Trajectories for Humankind (CIM-EARTH) instance.

www.icram.org L'Associazione Piscicoltori Italiani ha fra i suoi scopi principali la conoscenza della struttura dell'acquacoltura italiana nel suo insieme e nelle sue fasi sempre in evoluzione; molto importanti sono i trend produttivi, soprattutto delle principali specie allevate. Questa attività svolta nel corso degli anni con sempre maggiore cura e professionalità della nostra struttura, ha consentito all'API di dar vita ad un database dell'acquacoltura italiana. Per poter meglio approfondire le nostre conoscenze statistiche, abbiamo ricercato forme di collaborazione anche con Istituti Pubblici di ricerca. La consolidata collaborazione con l'Istituto Centrale per la Ricerca scientifi ca e tecnologica Applicata al Mare ha consentito di verifi care nel tempo quanto da noi fatto, in forma empirica e con dati determinati in base a criteri scientifi ci come quelli elaborati dall'ICRAM. Questo profi cuo rapporto di collaborazione consente all'acquacoltura italiana, ai suoi operatori, ed a quanti istituzionalmente proposti alla programmazione del settore, di poter disporre di una serie di dati conoscitivi unici nel loro genere per completezza e continuità. Il presente volume raccoglie in un distillato di numeri e commenti, i più recenti elementi conoscitivi unici nel loro genere, sull'acquacoltura ottenuti attraverso l'incrocio tra le conoscenze scientifi che dell'ICRAM e le conoscenze pratiche della nostra associazione. Posso quindi aff ermare come il presente lavoro contribuisca a dare al lettore un quadro esaustivo e corretto sullo stato attuale dell'acquacoltura italiana. Un esempio questo, di come la collaborazione tra Pubblico e Privato, se impostata seriamente e su fatti concreti, può dare ottimi ed utili risultati.

Once a field has been identified, and a general method of reservoir exploitation decided, there are several methods to achieve the reservoir management goal, but some ways may cost twice as much as others. The most critical operations to developing a field are drilling of wells, and it overemphasizes which in the early stages of field development. This study will cover challenges related to field development in the presence of a geological complication. In the Arabic Gulf area, most of the reservoirs are carbonate is distinguished by complex textural heterogeneity that corresponds to extreme permeability varieties which are the controlling factor in reservoir production. The uncertainty of information in the reservoir and rock mechanics properties have proven to be extremely challenging that faced oil and gas companies during the Appraisal and development phase. Numerous lost-time incidents including stuck pipe, packoff, lost circulation and difficulties in running casing were experienced during drilling new wells. Moreover, Due to the significant differences between log-derived water saturation and capillary pressure model-derived water saturation profiles during the dynamic model, the lake of the original hydrocarbon amount will raise the associated risks and uncertainties of the model. That becomes necessary to perform the task of integrated reservoir characterization and geomechanics in order to find optimum field development plan, that is the objective of this study was to characterized reservoir rock by distributing petrophysical rock types, porosity, and permeability and applied rock typing among the transition zone to increase the certainty of oil in place. Moreover, design a new modify for mud window to mitigate drilling hazard was one of the primary outcomes in this study. The objective of this study applied in a case study in the Arabic Gulf area. Several approaches were performed to determine which method was more reliable for our case study to identification rock typing, FZI*showed a better result than other methods, it has created three petrophysical rock types, which depend on specific porosity and permeability trends. The distribution of petrophysical rock type, porosity, and permeability perform in the form of the 3D model by using geostatic model. In the geomechanical evaluation, there was a notable difference in geomechanical characteristics. The values for these properties rise at deeper depths, most possibly because of the degree of the overburden and increased compaction, as shown in the increasing sonic speeds. A result from integrated rock typing and geomechanics showed that PRT 3 identified as a best reservoir and highest lost circulation zone, according to a highly porosity and permeability values that varies from 0.17 to 0.25 and from 237 to 349 MD respectively .Integrated FZI* as an indicator of loss circulation zone that showed probability of mud loss increased with increased FZI* values, with median line principle guide us to design a new approach for optimum mud window design to reduce L.C and tight hole problem. The outcomes of this research can be utilized in the field industry to improved reservoir characterized and mitigate drilling problem by applying our new modify for mud window design.

Food availability in households is dependent on how decision-making processes along the production chain are managed between male and female spouses. Food production chain starts from land preparation, purchase of inputs, planting, weeding, harvesting, storing, management, consumption and selling of harvested foodstuffs. However, in most rural households in Kenya, and Lugari district in particular, decision-making along this household food chain is influenced by gender dynamics on socio-cultural factors which shape the way such decisions are made. The objective of this study was therefore to assess these dynamics in relation to decision-making on food security at the household level. In particular, it sought to investigate gender manifestations on socio-cultural factors and the way they influence decision-making processes on the entire food production chain; management, storage and consumption in rural households. Using Gender differences, Human Capital and Elite power theories, the...

En el marco de las actividades de Investigación Acción Participativa (IAP) con productores del cinturón verde de Córdoba para la transición hacia sistemas productivos agroecológicos como proceso de innovación y mejora continua; se inició una experiencia de IAP con el objetivo de evaluar los efectos de la aplicación de 3 enmiendas orgánicas que incluyen 2 formulaciones de bocashi sobre la germinación y/o desarrollo de plantas de lechuga bajo condiciones controladas de invernadero y en contraste con un compost comercial. Se evidenció una marcada disminución del poder germinativo dependiente de la formulación y dosis de bocashi empleada. El bocashi elaborado con estiércol de gallina logró igualar el efecto del compost comercial generando plantas con mayor número de hojas y mayor peso seco al momento de la cosecha. En conclusión, la aplicación de bocashi favorece el desarrollo del cultivo de lechuga dependiendo de la composición y dosis empleada tanto al momento de la germinación como en etapas posteriores del desarrollo.

Plant traits—the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants—determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, restoration, biogeography and earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, the TRY database of plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented data coverage under an open access data policy and is the main plant trait database used by the research community worldwide. Increasingly, the TRY database also supports new frontiers of trait‐based plant research, including the identification of data gaps and the subsequent mobilization or measurement of new data. To support this developm...

Il 22 settembre su Cantù e in tutto il bacino del Seveso-Tarò sono caduti oltre 200 mm di pioggia di cui 160/180 in 4 ore. L'alluvione del 22 settembre 2025 è stata causata dai violenti «nubifragi» che hanno superato la capacità di assorbimento del reticolo idrografico mentre il sistema fognario è andato immediatamente in crisi causando l'esondazione dei corsi d’acqua e dissesti idrogeologici gravi con frane, crolli di muri e cedimenti del manto stradale, allagando cantine, taverne, locali interrati, autorimesse, negozi e infrastrutture pubbliche.
Piogge torrenziali e continue hanno saturato il terreno rapidamente causando allagamenti in varie aree della Città. Il sistema di drenaggio urbano (la fognatura) non è riuscito a gestire l'enorme volume d'acqua.
Appare evidente che Cantù non sia in grado di gestire gli eventi estremi causati dai cambiamenti climatici perche’ ha un’elevata percentuale di suolo impermeabilizzato, una rete fognaria inadeguata e non ha rispettato i corsi d’acqua, rogge e torrenti dimenticati, trascurati  e in gran parte tombinati.
La principale causa è quindi l’urbanizzazione. Dal 1954 la superficie urbanizzata impermeabile era meno di un quarto del bacino. Nel 2018 è pari al 58%, con un incremento del 35%.
Negli ultimi anni la situazione è ulteriormente peggiorata e il 60% del bacino è impermeabilizzata. Cantù, in particolare, si è «distinta» issandosi al vertice della classifica dei comuni della provincia di Como nel consumo di suolo.

Boreal winter North Atlantic climate change since 1950 is well described by a trend in the leading spatial structure of variability, known as the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). Through diagnoses of ensembles of atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) experiments, we demonstrate that this climate change is a response to the temporal history of sea surface temperatures (SSTs). Specifically, 58 of 67 multi-model ensemble members (87%), forced with observed global SSTs since 1950, simulate a positive trend in a winter index of the NAO, and the spatial pattern of the multi-model ensemble mean trend agrees with that observed. An ensemble of AGCM simulations with only tropical SST forcing further suggests that variations in these SSTs are of primary importance. The probability distribution function (PDF) of 50-year NAO index trends from the forced simulations are, moreover, appreciably different from the PDF of a control simulation with no interannual SST variability, although chaotic atmospheric variations are shown to yield substantial 50-year trends. Our results thus advance the view that the observed linear trend in the winter NAO index is a combination of a strong tropically forced signal and an appreciable ''noise'' component of the same phase. The changes in tropical rainfall of greatest relevance include increased rainfall over the equatorial Indian Ocean, a change that has likely occurred in nature and is physically consistent with the observed, significant warming trend of the underlying sea surface.

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from post-consumer waste and wastewater are a small contributor (about 3%) to total global anthropogenic GHG emissions. Emissions for 2004-2005 totalled 1.4 Gt CO2-eq year—1 relative to total emissions from all sectors of 49 Gt CO2-eq year— 1 [including carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and F-gases normalized according to their 100-year global warming potentials (GWP)]. The CH4 from landfills and wastewater collectively accounted for about 90% of waste sector emissions, or about 18% of global anthropogenic methane emissions (which were about 14% of the global total in 2004). Wastewater N2O and CO2 from the incineration of waste containing fossil carbon (plastics; synthetic textiles) are minor sources. Due to the wide range of mature technologies that can mitigate GHG emissions from waste and provide public health, environmental protection, and sustainable development co-benefits, existing waste management practices can provide e...

Along with climate change, cloud-to-ground lightning (CG)-caused forest fires are becoming increasingly pronounced. This study employed the Chinese lightning location system data (2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014)(2015) and worldwide lightning location network data (2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014)(2015) to jointly analyze CG characteristics and study the correlation between CG and climate change. The Muli county in southwest China was taken as research area. The CG number showed a clear increasing trend on yearly timescale. At the monthly timescale, CG occurred from March to October, with a peak in June. At the daily timescale, 15:00-23:00 (local time) and 00:00-05:00 both had a high CG frequency, and the peak was at 18:00-19:00. We divided CG electric current intensity into six grades and found that negative CG accounted for more than 90% of total CG and, among these, the 3rd and 4th intensity grades accounted for about 70%. To examine the spatial distribution, we focused on lightning-caused forest fires high occurrence seasons. In spring, CG distribution changed from the initial southeast to the northwest, gradually spreading to the whole area of Muli, whereas the CG area gradually moved back to the southeast in autumn. Our research suggested that minimum temperature was the most sensitive temperature to CG change. In * YanRong Yang

Budburst responses to winter and spring warming influence productivity and can cause shifts in tree species composition in response to climate warming. To improve projections of tree phenological changes, a more complete understanding of variation in relationships between chilling and forcing temperature requirements and photoperiod sensitivity is needed to explain conditions were consistent with the species rankings. Overall, our results indicate a possible adaptation in trees with deep dormancy (at both the species and sub-species level) to reduce growth delays in spring by breaking dormancy rapidly. We also rank diverse European species in terms of potential sensitivity to midwinter and spring warming, and discuss the potential implications of species compositional changes.

Authors analyzed data of 9 trophy parameters (weight of the antler, length of main beam, length of brow tine, length of bay tine, length of tray tine, circumference of coronet, lower circumference of main beam, upper circumference of main beam, number of total tines) of 6868 red deer stags shot between 1997 and 2007 and estimated ages were between 4-16 years, from two counties of Hungary (5946 from Somogy and 921 Bács-Kiskun). General linear model was used to evaluate age and "county" effects on the trophy parameters. Age was a significant source of variation for all studied traits while county affected most of the studied parameters. Consequently the dataset was analyzed separately for each county. Low to high correlations (adjusted for age effect) were found both in Somogy (r=-0.04 -0.80) and for Bács-Kiskun (r=-0.06 -0.70). Using principal component analysis (with orthogonal rotation) 4 factors were extracted which accounted for 73 % and 75 % of total variance in Bács-Kiskun and Somogy county respectively. The first factor represents the circumferences of the trophy, the second factor the main tines (brow, bay, tray) of the antler. The third and fourth factors represented the number of total tines of the trophies and the length of main beam respectively. These identified factors could be considered in selection/evaluation of the trophies in Hungarian red deer instead of the traditionally used measurements in order to maintain type and quality of the red deer trophy in Hungary.

The authors present here the temporal oscillations of aquatic pH, zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) and lead (Pb) in the ambient media of Hooghly estuary of Indian Sundarbans and forecast values of these variables in response to acidification phenomenon. The forecast has been done on the basis of 30 years of real-time data (1984-2013). The exponential smoothening-based forecast reflects the gradual lowering of pH in the estuarine water that has considerable impact on the compartmentation of heavy metals in the mangrovedominated estuarine system. The forecast values of selected heavy metals show that after 2040, the biologically available Cu and Pb in surface sediment will be lower than the detectable level, but the concentrations of dissolved Zn, Cu and Pb will exhibit an increasing trend.

Limited knowledge about how nitrogen (N) dynamics are affected by climate change, weather variability, and crop management is a major barrier to improving the productivity and environmental performance of soybean-based cropping systems. To fill this knowledge gap, we created a systems understanding of agroecosystem N dynamics and quantified the impact of controllable (management) and uncontrollable (weather, climate) factors on N fluxes and soybean yields. We performed a simulation experiment across 10 soybean production environments in the United States using the Agricultural Production Systems sIMulator (APSIM) model and future climate projections from five global circulation models. Climate change (2020-2080) increased N mineralization (24%) and N2O emissions (19%) but decreased N fixation (32%), seed N (20%), and yields (19%). Soil and crop management practices altered N fluxes at a similar magnitude as climate change but in many different directions, revealing opportunities to ...

Limited knowledge about how nitrogen (N) dynamics are affected by climate change, weather variability, and crop management is a major barrier to improving the productivity and environmental performance of soybean-based cropping systems. To fill this knowledge gap, we created a systems understanding of agroecosystem N dynamics and quantified the impact of controllable (management) and uncontrollable (weather, climate) factors on N fluxes and soybean yields. We performed a simulation experiment across 10 soybean production environments in the United States using the Agricultural Production Systems sIMulator (APSIM) model and future climate projections from five global circulation models. Climate change (2020–2080) increased N mineralization (24%) and N2O emissions (19%) but decreased N fixation (32%), seed N (20%), and yields (19%). Soil and crop management practices altered N fluxes at a similar magnitude as climate change but in many different directions, revealing opportunities to ...

The global climate disruptor El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is difficult to forecast some years in advance due to lack of understanding of its root cause. An alternative physical mechanism is hereby proposed to describe the nature and sustaining force, and predict the occurrence of El Niño and La Niña phenomena. This is based on the earthquake-perturbed obliquity change model previously proposed as a major mechanism of the global climate change problem. Massive quakes can impart a very strong oceanic force that can move the moon which in turn pulls the earth's axis and change the planetary obliquity. Analysis of the annual geomagnetic north-pole shift and global seismic data revealed this previously undiscovered force. Using a higher obliquity and constant greenhouse gas forcing in the global climate model EdGCM showed that the seismic-induced polar motion and associated enhanced obliquity could be the major mechanism governing the mysterious climate anomalies attributed to El Nino and La Nina cycles. The apparent eastward migration of high SST in the Pacific and the warming of the Indian and Atlantic Oceans south of the equator during ENSO years were correctly simulated by the model. The annual time series of global surface temperatures computed by EdGCM was compared with the observed global temperature and the results showed relatively good agreement. In addition, the heat wave that occurred in Europe during the summer of 2003 and the Russian heat wave of 2010 that killed over 55,000 people appeared to have been correctly simulated with higher obliquity. This study can help affected countries in water shortage contingency planning, disaster mitigation and may help prevent adverse economic and commercial impacts due to ENSO.

Climate change has become a major issue for the world today. Small changes in the climate in the Himalayan region can have a significant impact on the delicate ecosystem, which is very sensitive to such changes. Recent investigations into climate change in the Western Himalayas have provided compelling evidence that these regions are especially susceptible to a wide variety of catastrophic occurrences. In the current scenario, the threat posed by climate change to human existence in Jammu and Kashmir (hereafter referred to as J&K), as well as the region of Ladakh, has grown more tangible and evident. Temperature and precipitation statistics could be used to observe this regional climatic shift. This study analyses and forecasts long-term spatio-temporal variations in precipitation and temperature using a century-long dataset from 1901 to 2002 over fourteen districts of J&K and Ladakh. The Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) test and the Kwiatkowski-Phillips-Schmidt-Shin (KPSS) test of stationarity on the data show that the time series is stationary. Extreme Value Theory (EVT), which is an outstanding statistical method to interpret the records for the estimation of the future probability of the occurrence of extremes, is utilised in this study. Further, precipitation and temperature extremes are forecasted for 50, 80, 100, 120, 200, 250, 300 and 500 year return periods respectively and results reveal that the districts-Jammu, Rajouri, Leh, Srinagar, Baramulla and Poonch will be more prone to extreme weather events phenomenon.

Fruit ßies (Diptera: Tephritidae) are devastating agricultural pests worldwide but studies on their long-term population dynamics are sparse. Our aim was to determine the mechanisms driving long-term population dynamics as a prerequisite for ecologically based areawide pest management. The population density of three pestiferous Anastrepha species [Anastrepha ludens (Loew), Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart), and Anastrepha serpentina (Wiedemann)] was determined in grapefruit (Citrus ϫ paradisi Macfad.), mango (Mangifera indica L.), and sapodilla [Manilkara zapota (L.) P. Royen] orchards in central Veracruz, Me ´xico, on a weekly basis over an 11-yr period. Fly populations exhibited relatively stable dynamics over time. Population dynamics were mainly driven by a direct density-dependent effect and a seasonal feedback process. We discovered direct and delayed inßuences that were correlated with both local (rainfall and air temperature) and global climatic variation (El Nin ˜o Southern Oscillation [ENSO] and North Atlantic Oscillation [NAO]), and detected differences among species and location of orchards with respect to the magnitude and nature (linear or nonlinear) of the observed effects, suggesting that highly mobile pest outbreaks become uncertain in response to signiÞcant climatic events at both global and local levels. That both NAO and ENSO affected Anastrepha population dynamics, coupled with the high mobility of Anastrepha adults and the discovery that when measured as rate of population change, local population ßuctuations exhibited stable dynamics over time, suggests potential management scenarios for the species studied lie beyond the local scale and should be approached from an areawide perspective. Localized efforts, from individual growers will probably prove ineffective, and nonsustainable.

This book addresses disaster beyond event- or process-based perspectives to explore how time emerges from disastrous encounters. Building on ethnographic research in the Callejón de Huaylas, the book analyses how cities in this Peruvian Andean region have responded to and anticipated extreme events over the past century. Inspired by the Quechua word tinkuy, or gathering in difference, this study invites readers to see disasters both as socio-material arrangements and moments where historical figures gather in conflicting ways: a valuable resource for those interested in disasters, memory, science and technology studies, decolonial perspectives and Peruvian history.

Full version (open-access): https://www.transcript-publishing.com/978-3-8376-7889-5/remembering-future-disasters/?c=411000037&number=978-3-8376-7889-5